{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5","short_pith_number":"pith:PGW2NRKD","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.17963","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-07-20T14:04:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6c918e14ee5fda8c7363fc89986f4c06450d3d5608b40834d224bd58192d9a6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"04999b0ef1b47e7f6ae743988247604f8515fdcb688310b272c183fba5d9f1b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"79ada6c54301dfd3153dae11a644298f7db8a1315be59cc7b83f135bf41598c2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2607.17963","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.17963","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.17963v1","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.17963","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PGW2NRKDAHP5","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PGW2NRKD","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2607.17963","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-07-20T14:04:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6c918e14ee5fda8c7363fc89986f4c06450d3d5608b40834d224bd58192d9a6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"04999b0ef1b47e7f6ae743988247604f8515fdcb688310b272c183fba5d9f1b0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"79ada6c54301dfd3153dae11a644298f7db8a1315be59cc7b83f135bf41598c2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08.767065Z","signature_b64":"NdULMW72D489FEjTP8/BiLQhI370erAD/szZgA1Kxo1RPw1s/A80jTThLcKBoX8aRnO8v7P7Z1yNrw/+ZEKrBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"79ada6c54301dfd3153dae11a644298f7db8a1315be59cc7b83f135bf41598c2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08.766243Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08.766243Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2607.17963","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aD7MnWHkNtg1tJftKZpq9sDrC25nlx5lrl6Edd4M3f5PFuUfIWS+voWmpzYcmuuyyKnb5ERCR8XurxfqAjzMAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T19:34:29.954476Z"},"content_sha256":"c8e4d2dbac00b8c0aa2a2fba2d34d9f59b31b0881582db0346e9fb75b3be8c3b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:c8e4d2dbac00b8c0aa2a2fba2d34d9f59b31b0881582db0346e9fb75b3be8c3b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2026:PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"OntoExtend: A Framework for Requirement-driven and Scalable Ontology Extension with LLMs","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Aldo Gangemi, Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese, Anna Sofia Lippolis, Eva Blomqvist, Mohammad Javad Saeedizade, Robin Keskis\\\"arkk\\\"a, Simon Blattner, Stefan Schmid","submitted_at":"2026-07-20T14:04:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ontology extension refers to the process of enriching an existing ontology in response to emerging requirements, making it more complete. This task is a resource-intensive and error-prone process. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance on generating ontologies from scratch, but current approaches rarely tie ontology extension explicitly to requirements or reusable core models, and offer limited, systematic evaluation of LLM outputs. This paper introduces OntoExtend, a requirements-driven framework for ontology extension with LLMs. It uses retrieval-augmented generation ("},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.17963","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2607.17963/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QIilWcbjK/6AVDJZmndUhtCAm82vWOhXnC17A1DOWaCfS2ANcGddirZmeJrnEaBtcWRhR6T3LN6XiPHPVyiTDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T19:34:29.955185Z"},"content_sha256":"88b1ab32beff21738750acce70a16334c07d7b4ef6a125133e4438fee2c74b4d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:88b1ab32beff21738750acce70a16334c07d7b4ef6a125133e4438fee2c74b4d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-09T19:34:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2026:PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5VYI2MRBJR5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"04999b0ef1b47e7f6ae743988247604f8515fdcb688310b272c183fba5d9f1b0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-07-20T14:04:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c918e14ee5fda8c7363fc89986f4c06450d3d5608b40834d224bd58192d9a6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2607.17963","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2607.17963","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2607.17963v1","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2607.17963","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PGW2NRKDAHP5","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PGW2NRKDAHP5GFJ5","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PGW2NRKD","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:88b1ab32beff21738750acce70a16334c07d7b4ef6a125133e4438fee2c74b4d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2607.17963/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ontology extension refers to the process of enriching an existing ontology in response to emerging requirements, making it more complete. This task is a resource-intensive and error-prone process. Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown promising performance on generating ontologies from scratch, but current approaches rarely tie ontology extension explicitly to requirements or reusable core models, and offer limited, systematic evaluation of LLM outputs. This paper introduces OntoExtend, a requirements-driven framework for ontology extension with LLMs. It uses retrieval-augmented generation (","authors_text":"Aldo Gangemi, Andrea Giovanni Nuzzolese, Anna Sofia Lippolis, Eva Blomqvist, Mohammad Javad Saeedizade, Robin Keskis\\\"arkk\\\"a, Simon Blattner, Stefan Schmid","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-07-20T14:04:01Z","title":"OntoExtend: A Framework for Requirement-driven and Scalable Ontology Extension with LLMs"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2607.17963","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:c8e4d2dbac00b8c0aa2a2fba2d34d9f59b31b0881582db0346e9fb75b3be8c3b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"04999b0ef1b47e7f6ae743988247604f8515fdcb688310b272c183fba5d9f1b0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2026-07-20T14:04:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"6c918e14ee5fda8c7363fc89986f4c06450d3d5608b40834d224bd58192d9a6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2607.17963","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"79ada6c54301dfd3153dae11a644298f7db8a1315be59cc7b83f135bf41598c2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"79ada6c54301dfd3153dae11a644298f7db8a1315be59cc7b83f135bf41598c2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08.766243Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08.766243Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NdULMW72D489FEjTP8/BiLQhI370erAD/szZgA1Kxo1RPw1s/A80jTThLcKBoX8aRnO8v7P7Z1yNrw/+ZEKrBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-21T02:22:08.767065Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2607.17963","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:c8e4d2dbac00b8c0aa2a2fba2d34d9f59b31b0881582db0346e9fb75b3be8c3b","sha256:88b1ab32beff21738750acce70a16334c07d7b4ef6a125133e4438fee2c74b4d"],"state_sha256":"ce4fca9630ea73a48ba002ce056b72e6342ab90f74c7f49027b238d5bf4927de"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vAtv8NITXV4Q4IwLCWD66l70EqMzAL+Zk2kthcwv6zaii4Ad0lkmFY88gbbYvCNj29O0SkaeMyOiyTGbKosGCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-09T19:34:29.959613Z","bundle_sha256":"6c57481749d88621aaeff61d050617a5e5ca4ea408e675ed9a0c037f88842ba6"}}