{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW","short_pith_number":"pith:PH7RZ3BV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.04113","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-03-13T15:41:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a72cee0f74353f9bcc1852c7f6ff3c84c6fff603943e38808850595efc325f14","abstract_canon_sha256":"3ab1374084542aef2532e7cf4168b384bf8348f45cfea6702a38bcd600c34cac"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"79ff1cec35acf00f747b99a970c17d5d913a642800ec53f0dcc6ca9104836b38","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1503.04113","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.04113","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.04113v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.04113","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PH7RZ3BVVTYA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PH7RZ3BV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1503.04113","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-03-13T15:41:46Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"a72cee0f74353f9bcc1852c7f6ff3c84c6fff603943e38808850595efc325f14","abstract_canon_sha256":"3ab1374084542aef2532e7cf4168b384bf8348f45cfea6702a38bcd600c34cac"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"79ff1cec35acf00f747b99a970c17d5d913a642800ec53f0dcc6ca9104836b38","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52.243631Z","signature_b64":"JoeP09QRJGTk5Ey5yDJPoufoJ/wZn4yJoF4cVZI7Cc/D9eCLLWcX5Xt/in2DpebrEo33L4TJF67MbtCxZksxDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"79ff1cec35acf00f747b99a970c17d5d913a642800ec53f0dcc6ca9104836b38","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52.242991Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52.242991Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1503.04113","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9lnYC+1cOBfLfiJd0/A+xmPkOlEjTtos8+IgIa+Y2OXVuplhFQiH/wtnYwc1zmGgzgGPWmZB52eNTz3x4pKRDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T22:16:25.311394Z"},"content_sha256":"dfe102872a315a49782f1bcf5d7cca4224327e9fc15969c35385cfaa118e243c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dfe102872a315a49782f1bcf5d7cca4224327e9fc15969c35385cfaa118e243c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2015:PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Phantom behavior via cosmological creation of particles","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Diego Pav\\'on, Rafael C. Nunes","submitted_at":"2015-03-13T15:41:46Z","abstract_excerpt":"Recent determinations of the equation of state of dark energy hint that this may well be of the phantom type, i.e., $w_{de} < -1$. If confirmed by future experiments, this would strongly point to the existence of fields that violate the dominant energy condition, which are known to present serious theoretical difficulties. This paper presents an alternative to this possibility, namely, that the measured equation of state, $w_{de}$, is in reality an effective one, the equation of state of the quantum vacuum, $w_{\\Lambda} = -1$, plus the negative equation of state, $w_{c}$, associated to the pro"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.04113","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FAQXHS5M+LAVb71qnedYLQFfv4NMpMjQ2E1B5FyTeg7UDDL9b7UR/M/SXGrHMZGmRCcBCVe6e5Y0qHimyLf4Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T22:16:25.311749Z"},"content_sha256":"d65825b97d167dffcdc712a859ebf5bd76181e7b37a948e12682a81d38c8f272","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d65825b97d167dffcdc712a859ebf5bd76181e7b37a948e12682a81d38c8f272"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-19T22:16:25Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2015:PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3TGUXBQL5LW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3ab1374084542aef2532e7cf4168b384bf8348f45cfea6702a38bcd600c34cac","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-03-13T15:41:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"a72cee0f74353f9bcc1852c7f6ff3c84c6fff603943e38808850595efc325f14"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.04113","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1503.04113","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1503.04113v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1503.04113","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PH7RZ3BVVTYA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PH7RZ3BVVTYA65D3","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PH7RZ3BV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:29:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d65825b97d167dffcdc712a859ebf5bd76181e7b37a948e12682a81d38c8f272","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Recent determinations of the equation of state of dark energy hint that this may well be of the phantom type, i.e., $w_{de} < -1$. If confirmed by future experiments, this would strongly point to the existence of fields that violate the dominant energy condition, which are known to present serious theoretical difficulties. This paper presents an alternative to this possibility, namely, that the measured equation of state, $w_{de}$, is in reality an effective one, the equation of state of the quantum vacuum, $w_{\\Lambda} = -1$, plus the negative equation of state, $w_{c}$, associated to the pro","authors_text":"Diego Pav\\'on, Rafael C. Nunes","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-03-13T15:41:46Z","title":"Phantom behavior via cosmological creation of particles"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1503.04113","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:dfe102872a315a49782f1bcf5d7cca4224327e9fc15969c35385cfaa118e243c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3ab1374084542aef2532e7cf4168b384bf8348f45cfea6702a38bcd600c34cac","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2015-03-13T15:41:46Z","title_canon_sha256":"a72cee0f74353f9bcc1852c7f6ff3c84c6fff603943e38808850595efc325f14"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1503.04113","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"79ff1cec35acf00f747b99a970c17d5d913a642800ec53f0dcc6ca9104836b38","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"79ff1cec35acf00f747b99a970c17d5d913a642800ec53f0dcc6ca9104836b38","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52.242991Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52.242991Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"JoeP09QRJGTk5Ey5yDJPoufoJ/wZn4yJoF4cVZI7Cc/D9eCLLWcX5Xt/in2DpebrEo33L4TJF67MbtCxZksxDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:40:52.243631Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1503.04113","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:dfe102872a315a49782f1bcf5d7cca4224327e9fc15969c35385cfaa118e243c","sha256:d65825b97d167dffcdc712a859ebf5bd76181e7b37a948e12682a81d38c8f272"],"state_sha256":"a08b1dc53b5274a624bf48fe62b7e51946441a9cdafee872f8b0486e36f8cd9c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"x6GJZpr4TPIdhYa2O1dQ/PNSIizQHe3W3vHoQ4LbcYG8wIL5P7kruVKeqbP+H9sLTUvEdS6Kx+hgP8vx76W3BQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T22:16:25.313833Z","bundle_sha256":"236f9914d50a4794bfefc57f08a977302e2d9b003ff2ee9e670b9ce3c9fbcb9e"}}