{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA","short_pith_number":"pith:PHCRMSWL","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.01228","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2024-09-02T13:03:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"1d996dce8e7d7bd2368d339c88b7d57d1fb9ccff5ef16c5a3c2bc8ad14a5bf42","abstract_canon_sha256":"a793117e5de5ed2389c3d4eed8ced28ffb1dabcc36a84743904839d1518b6c30"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"79c5164acb400bc49f1cc5f2783972a032ac788d0632e4d8fea48af7718076c2","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2409.01228","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.01228","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.01228v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.01228","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PHCRMSWLIAF4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PHCRMSWL","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.01228","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2024-09-02T13:03:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"1d996dce8e7d7bd2368d339c88b7d57d1fb9ccff5ef16c5a3c2bc8ad14a5bf42","abstract_canon_sha256":"a793117e5de5ed2389c3d4eed8ced28ffb1dabcc36a84743904839d1518b6c30"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"79c5164acb400bc49f1cc5f2783972a032ac788d0632e4d8fea48af7718076c2","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26.281032Z","signature_b64":"5UvlKbGdVHErDWS+4lvgFEf7bGrS+eHPv3uCmVT0taaKRc9sbEehHcWb137NjrF/qu7kZZSAFLmDVTDiGpS9Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"79c5164acb400bc49f1cc5f2783972a032ac788d0632e4d8fea48af7718076c2","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26.280600Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26.280600Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2409.01228","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DarESWrn2IR47YIm0AF8Lwp7poQuNT9UwH9xONWDSJk7Q2NKH/bTmgE6dUkEBteLoqNHnnzb8T0R2802kJl/AA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T21:30:56.460572Z"},"content_sha256":"0295f029b8b50bb4868f332286d401453958935bb5e244ea8a85b522961397b5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:0295f029b8b50bb4868f332286d401453958935bb5e244ea8a85b522961397b5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"QCD Perturbation Theory: It's not what you were taught","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ex","hep-th"],"primary_cat":"hep-ph","authors_text":"P. M. Stevenson","submitted_at":"2024-09-02T13:03:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Physical quantities in QCD do not depend upon $\\alpha_s(Q)$. There is no way to measure $\\alpha_s(Q)$ experimentally. If those statements sound shocking, please read on. They are actually well-known facts, though ones that are constantly being ignored in the QCD literature. Renormalized perturbation theory is not an ordinary power-series expansion; its renormalization-scheme ambiguity is not merely a minor nuisance. Rather, it is a structure in which invariance under redefinitions of the coupling is a fundamental symmetry -- a symmetry that, like any other, deserves respect. I speak bluntly be"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.01228","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2409.01228/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"NX4biGWkoL2Z/VaUaggpwAjHirnqbGsORzQI2FZozKVfYM08WsV25juNbzoLS0hw3u/PjOShr6pLRa658NWNCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T21:30:56.461977Z"},"content_sha256":"2241ed7b7e0f37deeb57f8fd392e1371b357b9c010ebebff09d6cd7e1f63e2cd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2241ed7b7e0f37deeb57f8fd392e1371b357b9c010ebebff09d6cd7e1f63e2cd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-19T21:30:56Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4YXZHQOLSUA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a793117e5de5ed2389c3d4eed8ced28ffb1dabcc36a84743904839d1518b6c30","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-th"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2024-09-02T13:03:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d996dce8e7d7bd2368d339c88b7d57d1fb9ccff5ef16c5a3c2bc8ad14a5bf42"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.01228","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.01228","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.01228v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.01228","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PHCRMSWLIAF4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PHCRMSWLIAF4JHY4","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PHCRMSWL","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2241ed7b7e0f37deeb57f8fd392e1371b357b9c010ebebff09d6cd7e1f63e2cd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2409.01228/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Physical quantities in QCD do not depend upon $\\alpha_s(Q)$. There is no way to measure $\\alpha_s(Q)$ experimentally. If those statements sound shocking, please read on. They are actually well-known facts, though ones that are constantly being ignored in the QCD literature. Renormalized perturbation theory is not an ordinary power-series expansion; its renormalization-scheme ambiguity is not merely a minor nuisance. Rather, it is a structure in which invariance under redefinitions of the coupling is a fundamental symmetry -- a symmetry that, like any other, deserves respect. I speak bluntly be","authors_text":"P. M. Stevenson","cross_cats":["hep-ex","hep-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2024-09-02T13:03:34Z","title":"QCD Perturbation Theory: It's not what you were taught"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.01228","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:0295f029b8b50bb4868f332286d401453958935bb5e244ea8a85b522961397b5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a793117e5de5ed2389c3d4eed8ced28ffb1dabcc36a84743904839d1518b6c30","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ex","hep-th"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"hep-ph","submitted_at":"2024-09-02T13:03:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"1d996dce8e7d7bd2368d339c88b7d57d1fb9ccff5ef16c5a3c2bc8ad14a5bf42"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.01228","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"79c5164acb400bc49f1cc5f2783972a032ac788d0632e4d8fea48af7718076c2","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"79c5164acb400bc49f1cc5f2783972a032ac788d0632e4d8fea48af7718076c2","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26.280600Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26.280600Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"5UvlKbGdVHErDWS+4lvgFEf7bGrS+eHPv3uCmVT0taaKRc9sbEehHcWb137NjrF/qu7kZZSAFLmDVTDiGpS9Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:02:26.281032Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2409.01228","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:0295f029b8b50bb4868f332286d401453958935bb5e244ea8a85b522961397b5","sha256:2241ed7b7e0f37deeb57f8fd392e1371b357b9c010ebebff09d6cd7e1f63e2cd"],"state_sha256":"cbde45ccda7a16cb73b56d7bc62b72aeb304bdc4e32feb9f6a07f3cbc77f0dfe"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SbSGzVgWHoNxf+DKwgn9xvkIiaMUp1RGoWVs4J7cE3SqZ9vO45QTVLYdmClCgXrCrTWJXRbsVQLelLQmtw7JBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-19T21:30:56.472174Z","bundle_sha256":"500a4ef73cc1cebef4bbd77d512a35412f26fe589c816aea4965bcfbb684e203"}}