{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU","short_pith_number":"pith:PIV27T2H","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.13434","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2025-01-23T07:43:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e382776d4458abbbd06e5f57aed6d254c72610fa954dfb12fe184fbf35b7fc4c","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ae0ebe16068aeae1d5cefcb60703617dc2ff957ac198758469439d790b963e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7a2bafcf47f0c56960d5f545c76c3f8d228e8807d4ff0b9bbdf9d010725414cd","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2501.13434","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.13434","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.13434v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.13434","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PIV27T2H6DCW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PIV27T2H","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2501.13434","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2025-01-23T07:43:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e382776d4458abbbd06e5f57aed6d254c72610fa954dfb12fe184fbf35b7fc4c","abstract_canon_sha256":"8ae0ebe16068aeae1d5cefcb60703617dc2ff957ac198758469439d790b963e2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7a2bafcf47f0c56960d5f545c76c3f8d228e8807d4ff0b9bbdf9d010725414cd","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28.494722Z","signature_b64":"7pcZBxT/jm4jdGlgi4FpyWqcqg2Weq2vooBrKtjiQXHAj5E/cHj/Vzb6DBzMjCR/VoqU7CGIahedhY9YAi+HAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7a2bafcf47f0c56960d5f545c76c3f8d228e8807d4ff0b9bbdf9d010725414cd","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28.494260Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28.494260Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2501.13434","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UBvOlIc/57rcxAydii43MmF1U7HFTBo//ZESvV/1sXtS+4SDtryRLif4aE1nz8bo2mykI5ce+0zMOWZFtF/6DQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T20:14:29.006244Z"},"content_sha256":"428d8e2e86466d9aa411d1f989dbee997fc8508bad01fb666c1950a2318ac07f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:428d8e2e86466d9aa411d1f989dbee997fc8508bad01fb666c1950a2318ac07f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Compaction of Granular Columns under Thermal Cycling","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","authors_text":"Haiyang Lu, Houfei Yuan, Xinyu Ai, Yujie Wang, Yuxuan Luo, Zelin Liu, Zhikun Zeng, Zhuan Ge","submitted_at":"2025-01-23T07:43:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Granular materials undergo compaction under periodic temperature fluctuations, leading to various engineering and geological phenomena from landslides to silo compaction. Although thermal effects on granular materials have been extensively studied in soil mechanics and geology, the underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the compaction dynamics of granular materials subjected to thermal cycling using monodisperse glass beads and polydisperse sand packings. We demonstrate that differential thermal expansion between the container and the grains drives compaction th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.13434","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2501.13434/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"aDYudkmpw0EdPMWYME4Ld0OcRYXqNi81P9aWG4NNAiuBoS8qlIOl/PC6sj1sTTNxGtIbQmfOHjr4ZHbDL4kYCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T20:14:29.006638Z"},"content_sha256":"60fa928e704268a54bd91f0ec41397e715811c52479ff9034e6ef2003e3b1068","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:60fa928e704268a54bd91f0ec41397e715811c52479ff9034e6ef2003e3b1068"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-17T20:14:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV6VC4O3B7RU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ae0ebe16068aeae1d5cefcb60703617dc2ff957ac198758469439d790b963e2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2025-01-23T07:43:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"e382776d4458abbbd06e5f57aed6d254c72610fa954dfb12fe184fbf35b7fc4c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.13434","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2501.13434","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2501.13434v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2501.13434","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PIV27T2H6DCW","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PIV27T2H6DCWSYGV","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PIV27T2H","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:60fa928e704268a54bd91f0ec41397e715811c52479ff9034e6ef2003e3b1068","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2501.13434/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Granular materials undergo compaction under periodic temperature fluctuations, leading to various engineering and geological phenomena from landslides to silo compaction. Although thermal effects on granular materials have been extensively studied in soil mechanics and geology, the underlying physical mechanisms remain unclear. This study investigates the compaction dynamics of granular materials subjected to thermal cycling using monodisperse glass beads and polydisperse sand packings. We demonstrate that differential thermal expansion between the container and the grains drives compaction th","authors_text":"Haiyang Lu, Houfei Yuan, Xinyu Ai, Yujie Wang, Yuxuan Luo, Zelin Liu, Zhikun Zeng, Zhuan Ge","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2025-01-23T07:43:15Z","title":"Compaction of Granular Columns under Thermal Cycling"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2501.13434","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:428d8e2e86466d9aa411d1f989dbee997fc8508bad01fb666c1950a2318ac07f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8ae0ebe16068aeae1d5cefcb60703617dc2ff957ac198758469439d790b963e2","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.soft","submitted_at":"2025-01-23T07:43:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"e382776d4458abbbd06e5f57aed6d254c72610fa954dfb12fe184fbf35b7fc4c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2501.13434","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7a2bafcf47f0c56960d5f545c76c3f8d228e8807d4ff0b9bbdf9d010725414cd","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7a2bafcf47f0c56960d5f545c76c3f8d228e8807d4ff0b9bbdf9d010725414cd","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28.494260Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28.494260Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7pcZBxT/jm4jdGlgi4FpyWqcqg2Weq2vooBrKtjiQXHAj5E/cHj/Vzb6DBzMjCR/VoqU7CGIahedhY9YAi+HAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T10:04:28.494722Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2501.13434","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:428d8e2e86466d9aa411d1f989dbee997fc8508bad01fb666c1950a2318ac07f","sha256:60fa928e704268a54bd91f0ec41397e715811c52479ff9034e6ef2003e3b1068"],"state_sha256":"6d1aa7e08ec9538e9c1c2cee972af6984f49d58223a23553958baafaa0b776c7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HOzOVaEcs0YLUU+XVA7a7ekvuxMMwwpnc7eWmgwDKIzsfB+HLd2UDVwZu0YJJiEBdJk8SRIQsYY9GoDnk5SQDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-17T20:14:29.009135Z","bundle_sha256":"cf3b8c835a6222abc389644ac159bc3a9e97c743533f9b8cbbd9b90ff9f3a99b"}}