{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA","short_pith_number":"pith:PJPQB3EK","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0907.0178","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-01T15:12:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"87b8652491c43db00382586c088103759228f93e4c3882980fb5562fd0777d6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"a9919fff9eab855b8f272c099295a471e3fc752dd1a4f3402297428a9b765cc2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7a5f00ec8a5a1bce382d1e32401e585837346633a1d176a6f1aed1f4d999278b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0907.0178","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0907.0178","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0907.0178v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0907.0178","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PJPQB3EKLIN4","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PJPQB3EKLIN44OBN","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PJPQB3EK","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0907.0178","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-01T15:12:15Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"87b8652491c43db00382586c088103759228f93e4c3882980fb5562fd0777d6b","abstract_canon_sha256":"a9919fff9eab855b8f272c099295a471e3fc752dd1a4f3402297428a9b765cc2"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7a5f00ec8a5a1bce382d1e32401e585837346633a1d176a6f1aed1f4d999278b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21.561567Z","signature_b64":"/rbHxFJTYL7dENFqRKYLXUD6ZsIkWSc+G7IO8HTfMOLmyxXOcMfgjiqYwE111pEarogvpSPqrPw5mMhU57rLBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7a5f00ec8a5a1bce382d1e32401e585837346633a1d176a6f1aed1f4d999278b","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21.561211Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21.561211Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0907.0178","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"s0Mpd6apDLyrTc6IfstzWRQLAJ8bStjCpXhGn3L6r3QhNOn8xstcMkGKU0lrQBnrbnQoAfu3lC5zOdbakHr9CA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T13:54:02.521699Z"},"content_sha256":"ad341f118c0c9866a39666c2e0ef0a2b195045fdc96b123e195b744dc6ec100c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ad341f118c0c9866a39666c2e0ef0a2b195045fdc96b123e195b744dc6ec100c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2009:PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The concept of particle in Quantum Field theory","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.hist-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","authors_text":"Eliano Pessa (Interdepartmental Center for Research in Cognitive Science, Italy), Pavia, University of Pavia","submitted_at":"2009-07-01T15:12:15Z","abstract_excerpt":"Despite its name, Quantum Field Theory (QFT) has been built to describe interactions between localizable particles. For this reason the actual formalism of QFT is partly based on a suitable generalization of the one already used for systems of point particles. This circumstance gives rise to a number of conceptual problems, stemming essentially from the fact that the existence within QFT of non-equivalent representations implies the existence of field theories allowing, within the same theory, different, inequivalent, descriptions of particles. This led some authors to claim that in QFT the co"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0907.0178","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/0907.0178/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R9Yr6lcLxkpHOm1J14qNL974jzHk1rtORcCfDF9Pg/6+HBKkub8jroNcAHs2ptZ3xwsiSVfMbzeuks9VH/evCA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T13:54:02.522431Z"},"content_sha256":"88e27ea9b502b7e20b95e1c0aaf74721b1adf43368fef0453c7fe690b12151ab","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:88e27ea9b502b7e20b95e1c0aaf74721b1adf43368fef0453c7fe690b12151ab"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T13:54:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:PJPQB3EKLIN44OBNDYZEAHSYLA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a9919fff9eab855b8f272c099295a471e3fc752dd1a4f3402297428a9b765cc2","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-01T15:12:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"87b8652491c43db00382586c088103759228f93e4c3882980fb5562fd0777d6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0907.0178","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0907.0178","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0907.0178v1","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0907.0178","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PJPQB3EKLIN4","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PJPQB3EKLIN44OBN","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PJPQB3EK","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:88e27ea9b502b7e20b95e1c0aaf74721b1adf43368fef0453c7fe690b12151ab","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/0907.0178/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Despite its name, Quantum Field Theory (QFT) has been built to describe interactions between localizable particles. For this reason the actual formalism of QFT is partly based on a suitable generalization of the one already used for systems of point particles. This circumstance gives rise to a number of conceptual problems, stemming essentially from the fact that the existence within QFT of non-equivalent representations implies the existence of field theories allowing, within the same theory, different, inequivalent, descriptions of particles. This led some authors to claim that in QFT the co","authors_text":"Eliano Pessa (Interdepartmental Center for Research in Cognitive Science, Italy), Pavia, University of Pavia","cross_cats":["physics.hist-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-01T15:12:15Z","title":"The concept of particle in Quantum Field theory"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0907.0178","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ad341f118c0c9866a39666c2e0ef0a2b195045fdc96b123e195b744dc6ec100c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a9919fff9eab855b8f272c099295a471e3fc752dd1a4f3402297428a9b765cc2","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.hist-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.gen-ph","submitted_at":"2009-07-01T15:12:15Z","title_canon_sha256":"87b8652491c43db00382586c088103759228f93e4c3882980fb5562fd0777d6b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0907.0178","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7a5f00ec8a5a1bce382d1e32401e585837346633a1d176a6f1aed1f4d999278b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7a5f00ec8a5a1bce382d1e32401e585837346633a1d176a6f1aed1f4d999278b","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21.561211Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21.561211Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"/rbHxFJTYL7dENFqRKYLXUD6ZsIkWSc+G7IO8HTfMOLmyxXOcMfgjiqYwE111pEarogvpSPqrPw5mMhU57rLBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T15:45:21.561567Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0907.0178","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ad341f118c0c9866a39666c2e0ef0a2b195045fdc96b123e195b744dc6ec100c","sha256:88e27ea9b502b7e20b95e1c0aaf74721b1adf43368fef0453c7fe690b12151ab"],"state_sha256":"40f7c4501c206f9e5e74b8bc3e57b45aa8d49944d63b39f957b1f000178ed36a"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"5oa29x3l/2u2yZ09CNjVAlcED7jgAa00Mcug/IFKSOpqb/hBOKvaYAIhEQZvxGO9hH+iNQ16PSQi5ZryOuL+CQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T13:54:02.528094Z","bundle_sha256":"e7b19b5b1affeef266e76a992ea2ee8af5db5f870c7f7511d4a6e54d6b692a71"}}