{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH","short_pith_number":"pith:PK7MNE7M","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.09316","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T16:06:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4e7f64dfe59177f5b3e04f4d6ad96b57a4d52dc6c7fd0b6d73b48bf6ad25a8db","abstract_canon_sha256":"36adf7a416a84a0e91d05653a7902f0d2a5fadcec823d346e6c19c8c4f006556"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7abec693ecdb860697ca284405241331f3ddb62f3162e015abd6c2014d9e3528","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2309.09316","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.09316","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.09316v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.09316","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PK7MNE7M3ODA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PK7MNE7M3ODANF6K","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PK7MNE7M","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2309.09316","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T16:06:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4e7f64dfe59177f5b3e04f4d6ad96b57a4d52dc6c7fd0b6d73b48bf6ad25a8db","abstract_canon_sha256":"36adf7a416a84a0e91d05653a7902f0d2a5fadcec823d346e6c19c8c4f006556"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7abec693ecdb860697ca284405241331f3ddb62f3162e015abd6c2014d9e3528","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37.301917Z","signature_b64":"ueKPEVqD+zgiGr1PeGyvYlWT01T1WQ5ULUcMccjHSjN1ZkCNgUCAtPgEWF53TmQ3keLeCJWgbuzeF2EQjk69Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7abec693ecdb860697ca284405241331f3ddb62f3162e015abd6c2014d9e3528","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37.301526Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37.301526Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2309.09316","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"+52ejJGTxR2iYGp7938eOoeo1vtrg9uHrwvq1XNYfGt6kdG195q9j5KSPDzlzgD4pkU0MTT5jIGMNU9JtLs4Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T16:15:29.725300Z"},"content_sha256":"1092bf3df85090e8cec2c25b1c2fcf10a9c0c00b95215e7ae7faad1bebbe2806","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1092bf3df85090e8cec2c25b1c2fcf10a9c0c00b95215e7ae7faad1bebbe2806"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Creating Continuously Graded Microstructures with Electric Fields via Locally Altering Grain Boundary Complexions","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Chongze Hu, Jian Luo, Qizhang Yan","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T16:06:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Tailoring microstructures represents a daunting goal in materials science. Here, an innovative proposition is to utilize grain boundary (GB) complexions (a.k.a. interfacial phases) to manipulate microstructural evolution, which is challenging to control via only temperature and doping. Herein, we use ZnO as a model system to tailor microstructures using applied electric fields as a new knob to control GB structures locally via field-driven stoichiometry (defects) polarization. Specifically, continuously graded microstructures are created under applied electric fields. By employing aberration-c"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.09316","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2309.09316/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fiOaOp0hzx3t6HmkjnmdCSFvfpEfEVO6oKKHVywA2jogqGn4QpK3MIev3Vv1o9Wflau/dpsyLe3qW9aa6txqAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T16:15:29.725808Z"},"content_sha256":"ddc826e3f59331c4552c062e1d3bfcc407debb4e1e2b4ca713cbb0dc300ecc65","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ddc826e3f59331c4552c062e1d3bfcc407debb4e1e2b4ca713cbb0dc300ecc65"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-21T16:15:29Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:PK7MNE7M3ODANF6KFBCAKJATGH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"36adf7a416a84a0e91d05653a7902f0d2a5fadcec823d346e6c19c8c4f006556","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T16:06:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"4e7f64dfe59177f5b3e04f4d6ad96b57a4d52dc6c7fd0b6d73b48bf6ad25a8db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.09316","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2309.09316","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2309.09316v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2309.09316","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PK7MNE7M3ODA","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PK7MNE7M3ODANF6K","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PK7MNE7M","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ddc826e3f59331c4552c062e1d3bfcc407debb4e1e2b4ca713cbb0dc300ecc65","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2309.09316/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Tailoring microstructures represents a daunting goal in materials science. Here, an innovative proposition is to utilize grain boundary (GB) complexions (a.k.a. interfacial phases) to manipulate microstructural evolution, which is challenging to control via only temperature and doping. Herein, we use ZnO as a model system to tailor microstructures using applied electric fields as a new knob to control GB structures locally via field-driven stoichiometry (defects) polarization. Specifically, continuously graded microstructures are created under applied electric fields. By employing aberration-c","authors_text":"Chongze Hu, Jian Luo, Qizhang Yan","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T16:06:36Z","title":"Creating Continuously Graded Microstructures with Electric Fields via Locally Altering Grain Boundary Complexions"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2309.09316","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:1092bf3df85090e8cec2c25b1c2fcf10a9c0c00b95215e7ae7faad1bebbe2806","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"36adf7a416a84a0e91d05653a7902f0d2a5fadcec823d346e6c19c8c4f006556","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-09-17T16:06:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"4e7f64dfe59177f5b3e04f4d6ad96b57a4d52dc6c7fd0b6d73b48bf6ad25a8db"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2309.09316","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7abec693ecdb860697ca284405241331f3ddb62f3162e015abd6c2014d9e3528","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7abec693ecdb860697ca284405241331f3ddb62f3162e015abd6c2014d9e3528","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37.301526Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37.301526Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"ueKPEVqD+zgiGr1PeGyvYlWT01T1WQ5ULUcMccjHSjN1ZkCNgUCAtPgEWF53TmQ3keLeCJWgbuzeF2EQjk69Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:51:37.301917Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2309.09316","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:1092bf3df85090e8cec2c25b1c2fcf10a9c0c00b95215e7ae7faad1bebbe2806","sha256:ddc826e3f59331c4552c062e1d3bfcc407debb4e1e2b4ca713cbb0dc300ecc65"],"state_sha256":"ab2234f6581d3f941e2961e7a40dbace23294c7c10f1b61f80bd06ec4424ab84"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jW+kknV3Hdu4hhDns1mQtWAIr7kSOOnEHGD1ijc1EvQh2y+2D1iaQkc62SJr/RJei55llEqin8q5/GcLQ77lBw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-21T16:15:29.729739Z","bundle_sha256":"ae6c07410a1b548582ddb76c055a75ec0b54486426ae78a7a908c54dae66a37b"}}