{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK","short_pith_number":"pith:PLEHNMKE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.08985","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-03-29T22:24:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"913bf125083da71dc8e49e476951659a20f7faaf5a86210647e7b6fabc07a3cd","abstract_canon_sha256":"dea27aa5cb7cd30088f56f9be21c4b1170594babce7c24c8da18f096fb1c6563"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7ac876b144d7fc2b6cb46416e6658b02acf76091db7838b5619140ca9c241c49","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1603.08985","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.08985","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.08985v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.08985","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PLEHNMKE276C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PLEHNMKE276CW3FU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PLEHNMKE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1603.08985","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-03-29T22:24:48Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"913bf125083da71dc8e49e476951659a20f7faaf5a86210647e7b6fabc07a3cd","abstract_canon_sha256":"dea27aa5cb7cd30088f56f9be21c4b1170594babce7c24c8da18f096fb1c6563"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7ac876b144d7fc2b6cb46416e6658b02acf76091db7838b5619140ca9c241c49","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.633022Z","signature_b64":"H/bRu229BxRJQE0mRDOYLdBHNjPkQm44EijkZmyfB/EfGa/Dk4ILk8pRHr9P9mha7odlH+Je25o/yMjTlrlsBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7ac876b144d7fc2b6cb46416e6658b02acf76091db7838b5619140ca9c241c49","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.632688Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.632688Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1603.08985","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2g5mamNGemwBSiEJmRPhY/3ivqqaRxnIvbbMEEpobh5oY5tIdhQzaME3OTQoRkyTi01DKSvzvCyGZtHsKuvzDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T07:05:34.650973Z"},"content_sha256":"7c051c2ee0c1b9b47a69c6ef5bee37be343982d875e2d1a351bcf3e023a15b8c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7c051c2ee0c1b9b47a69c6ef5bee37be343982d875e2d1a351bcf3e023a15b8c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"When Shock Waves Collide","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","authors_text":"A. Frank, A. S. Liao, B. Blue, B. Wilde, D. Farley, D. Martinez, E. Hansen, J. Foster, K. Yirak, P. Graham, P. Hartigan, P. Rosen, R. Paguio","submitted_at":"2016-03-29T22:24:48Z","abstract_excerpt":"Supersonic outflows from objects as varied as stellar jets, massive stars and novae often exhibit multiple shock waves that overlap one another. When the intersection angle between two shock waves exceeds a critical value, the system reconfigures its geometry to create a normal shock known as a Mach stem where the shocks meet. Mach stems are important for interpreting emission-line images of shocked gas because a normal shock produces higher postshock temperatures and therefore a higher-excitation spectrum than an oblique one does. In this paper we summarize the results of a series of numerica"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.08985","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2n0AB+1a9pabdFDlhFrFwuzvAeFASyNYi9B4PE/52Q9PiJuJhiDH8aG1KPDeikhdb15vBttWNQFoCVQg8lsPCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T07:05:34.651632Z"},"content_sha256":"4c25423232f571faa15c3a32beecc1f2760c66451cb6b83342b3c10dfc3f9ba0","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4c25423232f571faa15c3a32beecc1f2760c66451cb6b83342b3c10dfc3f9ba0"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T07:05:34Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:PLEHNMKE276CW3FUMQLOMZMLAK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dea27aa5cb7cd30088f56f9be21c4b1170594babce7c24c8da18f096fb1c6563","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-03-29T22:24:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"913bf125083da71dc8e49e476951659a20f7faaf5a86210647e7b6fabc07a3cd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.08985","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1603.08985","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1603.08985v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1603.08985","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PLEHNMKE276C","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PLEHNMKE276CW3FU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PLEHNMKE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4c25423232f571faa15c3a32beecc1f2760c66451cb6b83342b3c10dfc3f9ba0","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Supersonic outflows from objects as varied as stellar jets, massive stars and novae often exhibit multiple shock waves that overlap one another. When the intersection angle between two shock waves exceeds a critical value, the system reconfigures its geometry to create a normal shock known as a Mach stem where the shocks meet. Mach stems are important for interpreting emission-line images of shocked gas because a normal shock produces higher postshock temperatures and therefore a higher-excitation spectrum than an oblique one does. In this paper we summarize the results of a series of numerica","authors_text":"A. Frank, A. S. Liao, B. Blue, B. Wilde, D. Farley, D. Martinez, E. Hansen, J. Foster, K. Yirak, P. Graham, P. Hartigan, P. Rosen, R. Paguio","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-03-29T22:24:48Z","title":"When Shock Waves Collide"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1603.08985","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7c051c2ee0c1b9b47a69c6ef5bee37be343982d875e2d1a351bcf3e023a15b8c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"dea27aa5cb7cd30088f56f9be21c4b1170594babce7c24c8da18f096fb1c6563","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.IM","submitted_at":"2016-03-29T22:24:48Z","title_canon_sha256":"913bf125083da71dc8e49e476951659a20f7faaf5a86210647e7b6fabc07a3cd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1603.08985","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7ac876b144d7fc2b6cb46416e6658b02acf76091db7838b5619140ca9c241c49","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7ac876b144d7fc2b6cb46416e6658b02acf76091db7838b5619140ca9c241c49","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.632688Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.632688Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"H/bRu229BxRJQE0mRDOYLdBHNjPkQm44EijkZmyfB/EfGa/Dk4ILk8pRHr9P9mha7odlH+Je25o/yMjTlrlsBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:48.633022Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1603.08985","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7c051c2ee0c1b9b47a69c6ef5bee37be343982d875e2d1a351bcf3e023a15b8c","sha256:4c25423232f571faa15c3a32beecc1f2760c66451cb6b83342b3c10dfc3f9ba0"],"state_sha256":"a2232bd7a231b1756302ada14163b8f65a965b9cd652c42080dd86902a26d93d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"PjcL/4NNbjzuwZpdjUZKuK3pzH7pPIHiv5FHkR+3yWlqRCR+G3KEK6dcOtuj2iCkTHq+G4OtuBaDGKkD0nnXDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T07:05:34.655374Z","bundle_sha256":"2afc426283b1626567285e68e7893768c152cc3dfdec6d27b0d6beca1efbcbcc"}}