{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ","short_pith_number":"pith:PMFOISSO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.5510","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T20:00:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"54ad7735a7b6c17122c075978186906bc4fb42eb8873320bb2eb2a4d190ba859","abstract_canon_sha256":"8e61a4e3926b1a0832e2055fd4b0790b69e57478014654172b1c6f79d5721f76"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7b0ae44a4ee854f9956cf7e3aa4b546241f5a4072714a1244ebc8da250686d05","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1406.5510","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.5510","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.5510v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.5510","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PMFOISSO5BKP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PMFOISSO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1406.5510","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T20:00:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"title_canon_sha256":"54ad7735a7b6c17122c075978186906bc4fb42eb8873320bb2eb2a4d190ba859","abstract_canon_sha256":"8e61a4e3926b1a0832e2055fd4b0790b69e57478014654172b1c6f79d5721f76"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7b0ae44a4ee854f9956cf7e3aa4b546241f5a4072714a1244ebc8da250686d05","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34.844188Z","signature_b64":"Yf7/IHCFjrA+SMlwgh4CX9NpkkqV8q9r8VovM070TNQ2uzEzWMcogGBCj8maJBGqvpNqgli1a6K+GjSfwoX4AA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7b0ae44a4ee854f9956cf7e3aa4b546241f5a4072714a1244ebc8da250686d05","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34.843661Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34.843661Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1406.5510","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3cyQIqTueF+vIc8cEliCTw+9KVs5MhfLcBgETBKo7N1/8TECBK5HyhHIYVIak9oi8f2eX64Plv6WXk32EuTyBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:25:07.193158Z"},"content_sha256":"97955d2307094c4afefa63f576f6977eabd1411c1fbfc313b39f39368c0c9d36","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:97955d2307094c4afefa63f576f6977eabd1411c1fbfc313b39f39368c0c9d36"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Light rings as observational evidence for event horizons: long-lived modes, ergoregions and nonlinear instabilities of ultracompact objects","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"primary_cat":"gr-qc","authors_text":"Caio F. B. Macedo, Hirotada Okawa, Luis C. B. Crispino, Paolo Pani, Vitor Cardoso","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T20:00:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ultracompact objects are self-gravitating systems with a light ring. It was recently suggested that fluctuations in the background of these objects are extremely long-lived and might turn unstable at the nonlinear level, if the object is not endowed with a horizon. If correct, this result has important consequences: objects with a light ring are black holes. In other words, the nonlinear instability of ultracompact stars would provide a strong argument in favor of the \"black hole hypothesis,\" once electromagnetic or gravitational-wave observations confirm the existence of light rings. Here we "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.5510","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S+5Wm0O3TXYdQn4bBl150XvT4v22scVEWivuCIplbgKuJXYNMHrd4Z50Pxb2Q8/B63NaApt1cCwpEoNvJcn0Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:25:07.193531Z"},"content_sha256":"7476061a44996400bcf4e476479a10347d600160b72b046d990a7bc892f64e6b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7476061a44996400bcf4e476479a10347d600160b72b046d990a7bc892f64e6b"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-04T20:25:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM67R2US2UMJ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8e61a4e3926b1a0832e2055fd4b0790b69e57478014654172b1c6f79d5721f76","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T20:00:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"54ad7735a7b6c17122c075978186906bc4fb42eb8873320bb2eb2a4d190ba859"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.5510","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1406.5510","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1406.5510v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1406.5510","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PMFOISSO5BKP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PMFOISSO5BKPTFLM","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PMFOISSO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:7476061a44996400bcf4e476479a10347d600160b72b046d990a7bc892f64e6b","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ultracompact objects are self-gravitating systems with a light ring. It was recently suggested that fluctuations in the background of these objects are extremely long-lived and might turn unstable at the nonlinear level, if the object is not endowed with a horizon. If correct, this result has important consequences: objects with a light ring are black holes. In other words, the nonlinear instability of ultracompact stars would provide a strong argument in favor of the \"black hole hypothesis,\" once electromagnetic or gravitational-wave observations confirm the existence of light rings. Here we ","authors_text":"Caio F. B. Macedo, Hirotada Okawa, Luis C. B. Crispino, Paolo Pani, Vitor Cardoso","cross_cats":["astro-ph.HE"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T20:00:11Z","title":"Light rings as observational evidence for event horizons: long-lived modes, ergoregions and nonlinear instabilities of ultracompact objects"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1406.5510","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:97955d2307094c4afefa63f576f6977eabd1411c1fbfc313b39f39368c0c9d36","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8e61a4e3926b1a0832e2055fd4b0790b69e57478014654172b1c6f79d5721f76","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.HE"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"gr-qc","submitted_at":"2014-06-20T20:00:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"54ad7735a7b6c17122c075978186906bc4fb42eb8873320bb2eb2a4d190ba859"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1406.5510","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7b0ae44a4ee854f9956cf7e3aa4b546241f5a4072714a1244ebc8da250686d05","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7b0ae44a4ee854f9956cf7e3aa4b546241f5a4072714a1244ebc8da250686d05","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34.843661Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34.843661Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Yf7/IHCFjrA+SMlwgh4CX9NpkkqV8q9r8VovM070TNQ2uzEzWMcogGBCj8maJBGqvpNqgli1a6K+GjSfwoX4AA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:43:34.844188Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1406.5510","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:97955d2307094c4afefa63f576f6977eabd1411c1fbfc313b39f39368c0c9d36","sha256:7476061a44996400bcf4e476479a10347d600160b72b046d990a7bc892f64e6b"],"state_sha256":"e5e45555dd86511394ff8ee30be7fb8584446f7aa009f7660899dabedd548ae7"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vyUftDKZAGoC6YUbWFPTjIk78PqddB1OJSjrrxBqMwGd5NefOJfUAcgvyA3RDA5rkVHIX0rHm07ZJac2E0QyBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-04T20:25:07.195933Z","bundle_sha256":"b6b34e8d10044c9b3c97d9943a4df8ff30839935fc6be5fd52eb06b7a59b8302"}}