{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO","short_pith_number":"pith:PN77PJLE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.09785","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2022-02-20T10:55:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d269e068b9ecd5c5bb7dde71132a988d548e2beb6e1aff0826a95df5c7fbd23","abstract_canon_sha256":"60a275203db7931e6ae8490be3afeeff35e82a4fcb789dc1c593652497bd6a5b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7b7ff7a564d021bec065bae98cea3913b336048dc136d958dec5db8ef14837de","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2202.09785","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.09785","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.09785v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.09785","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PN77PJLE2AQ3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PN77PJLE2AQ35QDF","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PN77PJLE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2202.09785","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2022-02-20T10:55:24Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2d269e068b9ecd5c5bb7dde71132a988d548e2beb6e1aff0826a95df5c7fbd23","abstract_canon_sha256":"60a275203db7931e6ae8490be3afeeff35e82a4fcb789dc1c593652497bd6a5b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7b7ff7a564d021bec065bae98cea3913b336048dc136d958dec5db8ef14837de","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26.079444Z","signature_b64":"sFvimR5AoWNZNjouHOh2Imbr81UlQd70QnI67qB9CAmKYmnLgR9YMQ/oLI5inFoQuTyQctd6yATDOr2qO/O/CQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7b7ff7a564d021bec065bae98cea3913b336048dc136d958dec5db8ef14837de","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26.078887Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26.078887Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2202.09785","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OLtpnoMxIIOmO8sOks7zhEuTjr7PZ6WI4TD5bvIcHcf6Wc5x+roreDO+1rQJG7qQg06Wjf9rGwxjDRTnNUwKAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-21T22:06:10.455382Z"},"content_sha256":"359aaa54a88ba6d77cf2ecc2446268e6983f7251746006ac7bad3167943b1f63","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:359aaa54a88ba6d77cf2ecc2446268e6983f7251746006ac7bad3167943b1f63"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2022:PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"DualSC: Automatic Generation and Summarization of Shellcode via Transformer and Dual Learning","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.SE","authors_text":"Chi Yu, Guang Yang, Xiang Chen, Yanlin Zhou","submitted_at":"2022-02-20T10:55:24Z","abstract_excerpt":"A shellcode is a small piece of code and it is executed to exploit a software vulnerability, which allows the target computer to execute arbitrary commands from the attacker through a code injection attack. Similar to the purpose of automated vulnerability generation techniques, the automated generation of shellcode can generate attack instructions, which can be used to detect vulnerabilities and implement defensive measures. While the automated summarization of shellcode can help users unfamiliar with shellcode and network information security understand the intent of shellcode attacks. In th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.09785","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2202.09785/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yEB83/NNyQ45R1Kz6P3+YxNP1xa3OTJduHfbyx2UxImRkTApLuMFBcn/85YnrnXOHDnt4vOcsXvvHKqBLuReCg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-21T22:06:10.455775Z"},"content_sha256":"3817dc25cc38efaa67dcd7947080d3d9a30a7168767833a1e4788539021f2f06","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3817dc25cc38efaa67dcd7947080d3d9a30a7168767833a1e4788539021f2f06"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-21T22:06:10Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2022:PN77PJLE2AQ35QDFXLUYZ2RZCO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"60a275203db7931e6ae8490be3afeeff35e82a4fcb789dc1c593652497bd6a5b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2022-02-20T10:55:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d269e068b9ecd5c5bb7dde71132a988d548e2beb6e1aff0826a95df5c7fbd23"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.09785","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2202.09785","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2202.09785v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2202.09785","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PN77PJLE2AQ3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PN77PJLE2AQ35QDF","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PN77PJLE","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:3817dc25cc38efaa67dcd7947080d3d9a30a7168767833a1e4788539021f2f06","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2202.09785/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"A shellcode is a small piece of code and it is executed to exploit a software vulnerability, which allows the target computer to execute arbitrary commands from the attacker through a code injection attack. Similar to the purpose of automated vulnerability generation techniques, the automated generation of shellcode can generate attack instructions, which can be used to detect vulnerabilities and implement defensive measures. While the automated summarization of shellcode can help users unfamiliar with shellcode and network information security understand the intent of shellcode attacks. In th","authors_text":"Chi Yu, Guang Yang, Xiang Chen, Yanlin Zhou","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2022-02-20T10:55:24Z","title":"DualSC: Automatic Generation and Summarization of Shellcode via Transformer and Dual Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2202.09785","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:359aaa54a88ba6d77cf2ecc2446268e6983f7251746006ac7bad3167943b1f63","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"60a275203db7931e6ae8490be3afeeff35e82a4fcb789dc1c593652497bd6a5b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.SE","submitted_at":"2022-02-20T10:55:24Z","title_canon_sha256":"2d269e068b9ecd5c5bb7dde71132a988d548e2beb6e1aff0826a95df5c7fbd23"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2202.09785","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7b7ff7a564d021bec065bae98cea3913b336048dc136d958dec5db8ef14837de","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7b7ff7a564d021bec065bae98cea3913b336048dc136d958dec5db8ef14837de","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26.078887Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26.078887Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"sFvimR5AoWNZNjouHOh2Imbr81UlQd70QnI67qB9CAmKYmnLgR9YMQ/oLI5inFoQuTyQctd6yATDOr2qO/O/CQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:58:26.079444Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2202.09785","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:359aaa54a88ba6d77cf2ecc2446268e6983f7251746006ac7bad3167943b1f63","sha256:3817dc25cc38efaa67dcd7947080d3d9a30a7168767833a1e4788539021f2f06"],"state_sha256":"8a12d05e390df2abd4de736f5aa43177319995cf7cda37d8705ca20879fdf761"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zCccqGSIxtdthinU8wDJuqE1GFQK2fVH3mgB6oIXtzdd+hMBI4g3jvVjr6QeFt/iyCEhyf2rntnhtbAG+bqBCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-21T22:06:10.458230Z","bundle_sha256":"137242ecf979951af9acb130d5d4772c9e9b9b45aa749af0caa1e24684fc2293"}}