{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:PNW35G4CQHVSLZIOW4C5SEOPCT","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4cd5aeac7c24b1d08a60b5dfd0e4d17c588b059c2d4e2b40fd74d24cb4087e8f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-05T00:48:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"99d6b7b20e3a74531a9357588cbe27237b839960b1f25431987086155470d2af"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.04531","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2506.04531","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2506.04531v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2506.04531","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PNW35G4CQHVS","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PNW35G4CQHVSLZIO","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PNW35G4C","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a1f7eeeeeaaf375a0505675582b56dda7c7176750383cbb62057b829b6764096","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2506.04531/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Training large language models (LLMs) increasingly relies on geographically distributed accelerators, causing prohibitive communication costs across regions and uneven utilization of heterogeneous hardware. We propose HALoS, a hierarchical asynchronous optimization framework that tackles these issues by introducing local parameter servers (LPSs) within each region and a global parameter server (GPS) that merges updates across regions. This hierarchical design minimizes expensive inter-region communication, reduces straggler effects, and leverages fast intra-region links. We provide a rigorous ","authors_text":"Adithya Gangidi, Aditya Akella, Geon-Woo Kim, Junbo Li, Omar Baldonado, Pavan Balaji, Shashidhar Gandham, Zhangyang Wang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-05T00:48:55Z","title":"HALoS: Hierarchical Asynchronous Local SGD over Slow Networks for Geo-Distributed Large Language Model Training"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2506.04531","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:acad24865b251d95322ed0415a329df964076c31fcc42645c092af7caa674481","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4cd5aeac7c24b1d08a60b5dfd0e4d17c588b059c2d4e2b40fd74d24cb4087e8f","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-06-05T00:48:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"99d6b7b20e3a74531a9357588cbe27237b839960b1f25431987086155470d2af"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2506.04531","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7b6dbe9b8281eb25e50eb705d911cf14c4abe580c79ba129d4b11471e3d67494","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7b6dbe9b8281eb25e50eb705d911cf14c4abe580c79ba129d4b11471e3d67494","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16.080589Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16.080589Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"uSNWGPC+iw7aLJkGM0E8Pa1usnvd4MuyRN6OJBi6rxCazESGyJ7HrfKr7Tpkgvm9bxM12l04djsCbznroC8DDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T11:16:16.080977Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2506.04531","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:acad24865b251d95322ed0415a329df964076c31fcc42645c092af7caa674481","sha256:a1f7eeeeeaaf375a0505675582b56dda7c7176750383cbb62057b829b6764096"],"state_sha256":"6ab901f53998c529cde2a86f0a549eb9598677e0bbeebbf55d295c8f0960fc6b"}