{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN","short_pith_number":"pith:PO5GFRR5","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.4449","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T13:53:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6fe40e3074dcca7c2b549d9cc2548e2e47c4b1a2f520b050d3f9a262e4043b0f","abstract_canon_sha256":"65d73ca6ce4c31ed2e7bef576ce28677c45db5efe4135c05c486ca447719fd36"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7bba62c63de8696aae8d5e9d3287c1c3525bdf18b2a750cc5f959453866fb7ec","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1304.4449","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.4449","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.4449v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.4449","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PO5GFRR55BUW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PO5GFRR55BUWVLUN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PO5GFRR5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1304.4449","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T13:53:51Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6fe40e3074dcca7c2b549d9cc2548e2e47c4b1a2f520b050d3f9a262e4043b0f","abstract_canon_sha256":"65d73ca6ce4c31ed2e7bef576ce28677c45db5efe4135c05c486ca447719fd36"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7bba62c63de8696aae8d5e9d3287c1c3525bdf18b2a750cc5f959453866fb7ec","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32.262744Z","signature_b64":"VZss+UpSOf6DCRcLZdrddiix9OqxTobBr1IJhvfgBYqVjM5efJX7Sd2+I38aqrJnoFBuwmGLPlvXVJSpWc7MAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7bba62c63de8696aae8d5e9d3287c1c3525bdf18b2a750cc5f959453866fb7ec","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32.262235Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32.262235Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1304.4449","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tslgssYQZ8cxJ2IPJDRUkEvmxP6nKEgTYCFz1EaJxzEsK3HcI/5E2YlTmcmUAKbbKxg7T850Jvu2KAeu5iY6BQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T22:59:47.812590Z"},"content_sha256":"4fa1cd82c356c2a25ea1d7b1c6326390f448fb9ed13f6ab28a30a7c1fd8c4986","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4fa1cd82c356c2a25ea1d7b1c6326390f448fb9ed13f6ab28a30a7c1fd8c4986"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Origin of n- and p-type conductivity in undoped $\\alpha$-PbO: role of defects","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"A. Reznik, J.A. Rowlands, J. Berashevich","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T13:53:51Z","abstract_excerpt":"The first principles calculations (GGA) have been applied to study the crystallographic defects in $\\alpha$-PbO in order to understand an origin of $n$- and $p$-type conductivity in otherwise undoped $\\alpha$-PbO. It was found that deposition in the oxygen-deficient environment to be defined in our simulations by the Pb-rich/O-poor limit stimulates a formation of the O vacancies and the Pb interstitials both to be characterized by quite low formation energies $\\sim$ 1.0 eV. The O vacancy being occupied by two electrons shifts a balance of electrons and holes between these two defects to excess"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.4449","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"cmBbqM4zRzwzX0UduLSbxCs6rFWUNaDoLQWHE0/f1kNilcssxztOi2AzgJBzEnB6dQ90HnofJenfCl/L7+D4Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T22:59:47.812962Z"},"content_sha256":"9ec69f6fc5c3414a1bc294e68c61b75059f345fc3eeb2df51f59fb56837ab944","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9ec69f6fc5c3414a1bc294e68c61b75059f345fc3eeb2df51f59fb56837ab944"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T22:59:47Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:PO5GFRR55BUWVLUNL2OTFB6BYN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"65d73ca6ce4c31ed2e7bef576ce28677c45db5efe4135c05c486ca447719fd36","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T13:53:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"6fe40e3074dcca7c2b549d9cc2548e2e47c4b1a2f520b050d3f9a262e4043b0f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.4449","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1304.4449","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1304.4449v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1304.4449","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PO5GFRR55BUW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PO5GFRR55BUWVLUN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PO5GFRR5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:9ec69f6fc5c3414a1bc294e68c61b75059f345fc3eeb2df51f59fb56837ab944","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The first principles calculations (GGA) have been applied to study the crystallographic defects in $\\alpha$-PbO in order to understand an origin of $n$- and $p$-type conductivity in otherwise undoped $\\alpha$-PbO. It was found that deposition in the oxygen-deficient environment to be defined in our simulations by the Pb-rich/O-poor limit stimulates a formation of the O vacancies and the Pb interstitials both to be characterized by quite low formation energies $\\sim$ 1.0 eV. The O vacancy being occupied by two electrons shifts a balance of electrons and holes between these two defects to excess","authors_text":"A. Reznik, J.A. Rowlands, J. Berashevich","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T13:53:51Z","title":"Origin of n- and p-type conductivity in undoped $\\alpha$-PbO: role of defects"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1304.4449","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:4fa1cd82c356c2a25ea1d7b1c6326390f448fb9ed13f6ab28a30a7c1fd8c4986","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"65d73ca6ce4c31ed2e7bef576ce28677c45db5efe4135c05c486ca447719fd36","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2013-04-16T13:53:51Z","title_canon_sha256":"6fe40e3074dcca7c2b549d9cc2548e2e47c4b1a2f520b050d3f9a262e4043b0f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1304.4449","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7bba62c63de8696aae8d5e9d3287c1c3525bdf18b2a750cc5f959453866fb7ec","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7bba62c63de8696aae8d5e9d3287c1c3525bdf18b2a750cc5f959453866fb7ec","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32.262235Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32.262235Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VZss+UpSOf6DCRcLZdrddiix9OqxTobBr1IJhvfgBYqVjM5efJX7Sd2+I38aqrJnoFBuwmGLPlvXVJSpWc7MAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:50:32.262744Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1304.4449","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:4fa1cd82c356c2a25ea1d7b1c6326390f448fb9ed13f6ab28a30a7c1fd8c4986","sha256:9ec69f6fc5c3414a1bc294e68c61b75059f345fc3eeb2df51f59fb56837ab944"],"state_sha256":"e18cc36f1bfb7a1ebaf5b5bf316bfd18a2a18cbc1afd21610f7ed823f742775d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WaO7PBYHOYhk5VvUKHQT02AL6zA3/atrrxd1q2fJEiIgR5s7IdhHW7AbsG6ikn10BfVzgeBQLXeSFXVL1En2Dw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T22:59:47.816280Z","bundle_sha256":"f1dbc0a3f0fcc52ab9c94a6a9f6f2013f2efb30e8f7159f70144ef8c7d996052"}}