{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH","short_pith_number":"pith:POWYNAUR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.15981","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T11:22:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"179ef0a696f80c9cf7342cd3d2a459875dff74e45530331e7a17af81ec7a0d25","abstract_canon_sha256":"33498cfdd30959f3f6a3ebf479683498d729364ed8931ad253cfd88573df43f0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7bad8682917a1711f4cce08647053fb1dbec21528947092bd555ae5911e99c78","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2409.15981","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.15981","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.15981v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.15981","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"POWYNAURPILR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"POWYNAURPILRD5GM","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"POWYNAUR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2409.15981","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T11:22:55Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"179ef0a696f80c9cf7342cd3d2a459875dff74e45530331e7a17af81ec7a0d25","abstract_canon_sha256":"33498cfdd30959f3f6a3ebf479683498d729364ed8931ad253cfd88573df43f0"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7bad8682917a1711f4cce08647053fb1dbec21528947092bd555ae5911e99c78","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03.187446Z","signature_b64":"roozqMoI7w+eu9vJXhPL4vBzwb4r/n92jFt5mLg/mRs0/ohDkTVpsI26n0B3pNnzaHmtRQ4/nfYsZ3LI6TwXDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7bad8682917a1711f4cce08647053fb1dbec21528947092bd555ae5911e99c78","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03.186940Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03.186940Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2409.15981","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yx5jmojxUfw/FqTKLrSKhd8djAJiPHQ7Y3dyRqEfAwdBZ7ISH519n5ktCzzLsBwxxBiHTnMZtlrad+5HQ29GAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T14:42:07.277683Z"},"content_sha256":"112ebb5989dce614a788418d40658e46814a8cf3ca470d5f9fdc13e95d00cfed","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:112ebb5989dce614a788418d40658e46814a8cf3ca470d5f9fdc13e95d00cfed"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"GPT-4 as a Homework Tutor can Improve Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CY","authors_text":"Alessandro Vanzo, Mrinmaya Sachan, Sankalan Pal Chowdhury","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T11:22:55Z","abstract_excerpt":"This work contributes to the scarce empirical literature on LLM-based interactive homework in real-world educational settings and offers a practical, scalable solution for improving homework in schools. Homework is an important part of education in schools across the world, but in order to maximize benefit, it needs to be accompanied with feedback and followup questions. We developed a prompting strategy that enables GPT-4 to conduct interactive homework sessions for high-school students learning English as a second language. Our strategy requires minimal efforts in content preparation, one of"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.15981","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2409.15981/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"fCpa6cCTOFdgxVMOpofj+lsQ8gaYah6ZLmwGkV3/0OURwMND8Q5+16u4RsHwoL37gAX85V5v8BpPWlteDdiHDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T14:42:07.278050Z"},"content_sha256":"15375cc9d19e181e86086946031ff5b1ecccaa8a23268955e229b47c2f649e79","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:15375cc9d19e181e86086946031ff5b1ecccaa8a23268955e229b47c2f649e79"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-07T14:42:07Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:POWYNAURPILRD5GM4CDEOBJ7WH","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"33498cfdd30959f3f6a3ebf479683498d729364ed8931ad253cfd88573df43f0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T11:22:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"179ef0a696f80c9cf7342cd3d2a459875dff74e45530331e7a17af81ec7a0d25"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.15981","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2409.15981","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2409.15981v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2409.15981","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"POWYNAURPILR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"POWYNAURPILRD5GM","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"POWYNAUR","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:15375cc9d19e181e86086946031ff5b1ecccaa8a23268955e229b47c2f649e79","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2409.15981/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"This work contributes to the scarce empirical literature on LLM-based interactive homework in real-world educational settings and offers a practical, scalable solution for improving homework in schools. Homework is an important part of education in schools across the world, but in order to maximize benefit, it needs to be accompanied with feedback and followup questions. We developed a prompting strategy that enables GPT-4 to conduct interactive homework sessions for high-school students learning English as a second language. Our strategy requires minimal efforts in content preparation, one of","authors_text":"Alessandro Vanzo, Mrinmaya Sachan, Sankalan Pal Chowdhury","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T11:22:55Z","title":"GPT-4 as a Homework Tutor can Improve Student Engagement and Learning Outcomes"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2409.15981","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:112ebb5989dce614a788418d40658e46814a8cf3ca470d5f9fdc13e95d00cfed","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"33498cfdd30959f3f6a3ebf479683498d729364ed8931ad253cfd88573df43f0","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CY","submitted_at":"2024-09-24T11:22:55Z","title_canon_sha256":"179ef0a696f80c9cf7342cd3d2a459875dff74e45530331e7a17af81ec7a0d25"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2409.15981","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7bad8682917a1711f4cce08647053fb1dbec21528947092bd555ae5911e99c78","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7bad8682917a1711f4cce08647053fb1dbec21528947092bd555ae5911e99c78","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03.186940Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03.186940Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"roozqMoI7w+eu9vJXhPL4vBzwb4r/n92jFt5mLg/mRs0/ohDkTVpsI26n0B3pNnzaHmtRQ4/nfYsZ3LI6TwXDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:11:03.187446Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2409.15981","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:112ebb5989dce614a788418d40658e46814a8cf3ca470d5f9fdc13e95d00cfed","sha256:15375cc9d19e181e86086946031ff5b1ecccaa8a23268955e229b47c2f649e79"],"state_sha256":"9ee8ce343f7db674e1474a83aed946d919082229950925288a47a2ddb42b2b38"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ySyt/5faN4t3VziZJ/27BrFHQHKdkzC/DPavfmRoH6Ig6tpq7WIPgYMmUhqfqIIQbyb/DoJIPJ17Pyx5t4lDDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-07T14:42:07.280462Z","bundle_sha256":"0303ff8fe48f93ee14f2047f753971738438db7a0726591c2d605029236a8c9e"}}