{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU","short_pith_number":"pith:PPC7RF6D","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.11146","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-25T19:18:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e0945599c042cdf9780bf56220a84ccf556dc6d628ce92fd000f4031e8ff979","abstract_canon_sha256":"b17b642dadf2725e5e0c3fe8ab752ca3715fd6bdb0376080a267352c056bdba7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7bc5f897c3f33c61af2908b594f689bd2b207585ff0e7de9498aedceee6c8249","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2002.11146","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.11146","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.11146v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.11146","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PPC7RF6D6M6G","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PPC7RF6D","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2002.11146","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-25T19:18:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","nucl-th"],"title_canon_sha256":"1e0945599c042cdf9780bf56220a84ccf556dc6d628ce92fd000f4031e8ff979","abstract_canon_sha256":"b17b642dadf2725e5e0c3fe8ab752ca3715fd6bdb0376080a267352c056bdba7"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7bc5f897c3f33c61af2908b594f689bd2b207585ff0e7de9498aedceee6c8249","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09.873485Z","signature_b64":"FP66Gb5i8eRGtNERl/IDrvcxX1vEeYmsDhCwxhBTnhVYORbmc0XseSbHRT3czkGsFeDMTOWJHbM//DYOx+dPAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7bc5f897c3f33c61af2908b594f689bd2b207585ff0e7de9498aedceee6c8249","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09.873038Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09.873038Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2002.11146","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"grYiFmczfrYmikrcYwRcx8jnNuZ7ROXb8LWE4wDcB+CAk5s2fFj1zbe4+ebhg5bqK/unhRbUuUTwk6QHQeLrBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:05:23.568687Z"},"content_sha256":"ff9912c2f7141fa27387c7215c55790b76fd3941c605ec9235d51cdfa7925dd5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ff9912c2f7141fa27387c7215c55790b76fd3941c605ec9235d51cdfa7925dd5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Quantum Algorithms for Simulating the Lattice Schwinger Model","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-lat","nucl-th"],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Alexander F. Shaw, Jesse R. Stryker, Nathan Wiebe, Pavel Lougovski","submitted_at":"2020-02-25T19:18:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions) is a testbed for the study of quantum gauge field theories. We give scalable, explicit digital quantum algorithms to simulate the lattice Schwinger model in both NISQ and fault-tolerant settings. In particular, we perform a tight analysis of low-order Trotter formula simulations of the Schwinger model, using recently derived commutator bounds, and give upper bounds on the resources needed for simulations in both scenarios. In lattice units, we find a Schwinger model on $N/2$ physical sites with coupling constant $x^{-1/2}$ and ele"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.11146","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2002.11146/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"siQXmSdHE/C1y7nszhQN/S1sItGtRxQCYB0+829O/cWhzBg+pQbKqNxoaXI1kO8MelrKQadWH4fhFSBfiMSBAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:05:23.569276Z"},"content_sha256":"e914615abfb189ba9bda0a7db278b781df5e647111762c59d2d16520eec10f4a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e914615abfb189ba9bda0a7db278b781df5e647111762c59d2d16520eec10f4a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T19:05:23Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJBC2ZJ5UJXU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b17b642dadf2725e5e0c3fe8ab752ca3715fd6bdb0376080a267352c056bdba7","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","nucl-th"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-25T19:18:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e0945599c042cdf9780bf56220a84ccf556dc6d628ce92fd000f4031e8ff979"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.11146","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2002.11146","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2002.11146v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2002.11146","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PPC7RF6D6M6G","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PPC7RF6D6M6GDLZJ","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PPC7RF6D","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e914615abfb189ba9bda0a7db278b781df5e647111762c59d2d16520eec10f4a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2002.11146/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Schwinger model (quantum electrodynamics in 1+1 dimensions) is a testbed for the study of quantum gauge field theories. We give scalable, explicit digital quantum algorithms to simulate the lattice Schwinger model in both NISQ and fault-tolerant settings. In particular, we perform a tight analysis of low-order Trotter formula simulations of the Schwinger model, using recently derived commutator bounds, and give upper bounds on the resources needed for simulations in both scenarios. In lattice units, we find a Schwinger model on $N/2$ physical sites with coupling constant $x^{-1/2}$ and ele","authors_text":"Alexander F. Shaw, Jesse R. Stryker, Nathan Wiebe, Pavel Lougovski","cross_cats":["hep-lat","nucl-th"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-25T19:18:36Z","title":"Quantum Algorithms for Simulating the Lattice Schwinger Model"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2002.11146","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ff9912c2f7141fa27387c7215c55790b76fd3941c605ec9235d51cdfa7925dd5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"b17b642dadf2725e5e0c3fe8ab752ca3715fd6bdb0376080a267352c056bdba7","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-lat","nucl-th"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2020-02-25T19:18:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"1e0945599c042cdf9780bf56220a84ccf556dc6d628ce92fd000f4031e8ff979"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2002.11146","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"7bc5f897c3f33c61af2908b594f689bd2b207585ff0e7de9498aedceee6c8249","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7bc5f897c3f33c61af2908b594f689bd2b207585ff0e7de9498aedceee6c8249","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09.873038Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09.873038Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"FP66Gb5i8eRGtNERl/IDrvcxX1vEeYmsDhCwxhBTnhVYORbmc0XseSbHRT3czkGsFeDMTOWJHbM//DYOx+dPAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:26:09.873485Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2002.11146","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ff9912c2f7141fa27387c7215c55790b76fd3941c605ec9235d51cdfa7925dd5","sha256:e914615abfb189ba9bda0a7db278b781df5e647111762c59d2d16520eec10f4a"],"state_sha256":"22e778f63a93440e5fffe0715ef6e2192d4630c0fe87ba463d5d6b5ff3d97de6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"S4QrQKJoL16D91IrU6Fl7wCTQDvujlRAmmgsfhFobj9dn+2qZdSgpPlalJYXSrnlxNiekxnZOLvjVBLamLrwAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T19:05:23.580216Z","bundle_sha256":"14ec68b452867249dcc131216b124cc92753157c68bb288ec4d2e32676aaf94c"}}