{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7","short_pith_number":"pith:PRAKGH4Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1309.4782","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-09-18T20:02:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"391cf85371055de295aba7364eb76320ce84ec0db9363d46a60a6401a20c1bdc","abstract_canon_sha256":"866cc90e6a0e5b7fa295a570cc1996194495aca48faa70009bd1d5d5357f3639"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c40a31f90bb2726ad16f84a6a7a0e3ff0020a92d662ebbee1029bbe35acc294","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1309.4782","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1309.4782","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1309.4782v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.4782","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PRAKGH4QXMTS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PRAKGH4Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1309.4782","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-09-18T20:02:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"391cf85371055de295aba7364eb76320ce84ec0db9363d46a60a6401a20c1bdc","abstract_canon_sha256":"866cc90e6a0e5b7fa295a570cc1996194495aca48faa70009bd1d5d5357f3639"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c40a31f90bb2726ad16f84a6a7a0e3ff0020a92d662ebbee1029bbe35acc294","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18.078000Z","signature_b64":"CRv0BR+Qpm4m9s8mmxbupBA610mO1j4oA8zmmnjGcNoOAVc3P6LvCzcD6TSFZdCmUf8ag+u905oMbsTt01Y0Cw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7c40a31f90bb2726ad16f84a6a7a0e3ff0020a92d662ebbee1029bbe35acc294","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18.077505Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18.077505Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1309.4782","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"lj2v1fkELRSLiAnr/yspo1BaRr0sQrgR0qSVThH8nIrPOGHGFSg5iyzVjY9p8mkmFi7+li1+zXHjwuHjfJyrDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T12:33:37.026063Z"},"content_sha256":"ac88df9dcf486476247b86e9988ee495685d26ac890813817ca4c38dd3c35ceb","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ac88df9dcf486476247b86e9988ee495685d26ac890813817ca4c38dd3c35ceb"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2013:PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Can non-local or higher derivative theories provide alternatives to inflation?","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"hep-th","authors_text":"Ghazal Geshnizjani, Nahid Ahmadi","submitted_at":"2013-09-18T20:02:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"The standard mechanism for producing the observed scale-invariant power spectrum from adiabatic vacuum fluctuations relies on first order derivative of fields in the action for curvature perturbations. It has been proven \\cite{Geshnizjani:2011dk} that, under this ansatz, any theory of early universe that matches cosmological observations should include a phase of accelerated expansion (i.e. inflation) or it has to break at least one of the following tenets of classical general relativity: Null Energy Conditions (NEC), subluminal signal propagation, or sub-Planckian energy densities. We extend "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1309.4782","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"YIvMWZxa5g7C2qASXExisLaJJMDsZGMuDUwnqEcQSPcSkcurpy4OnFY7d4DLc0m2dcvRnSelOSyuA8fUFeTXAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T12:33:37.026461Z"},"content_sha256":"2a1394f82fa3edd599d80dbfff08172db103fa07d64c610bb4c30099b765e4af","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2a1394f82fa3edd599d80dbfff08172db103fa07d64c610bb4c30099b765e4af"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-11T12:33:37Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2013:PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW7BFGU6QOH7","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"866cc90e6a0e5b7fa295a570cc1996194495aca48faa70009bd1d5d5357f3639","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-09-18T20:02:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"391cf85371055de295aba7364eb76320ce84ec0db9363d46a60a6401a20c1bdc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1309.4782","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1309.4782","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1309.4782v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1309.4782","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PRAKGH4QXMTS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PRAKGH4QXMTSNLIW","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PRAKGH4Q","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:27:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2a1394f82fa3edd599d80dbfff08172db103fa07d64c610bb4c30099b765e4af","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The standard mechanism for producing the observed scale-invariant power spectrum from adiabatic vacuum fluctuations relies on first order derivative of fields in the action for curvature perturbations. It has been proven \\cite{Geshnizjani:2011dk} that, under this ansatz, any theory of early universe that matches cosmological observations should include a phase of accelerated expansion (i.e. inflation) or it has to break at least one of the following tenets of classical general relativity: Null Energy Conditions (NEC), subluminal signal propagation, or sub-Planckian energy densities. We extend ","authors_text":"Ghazal Geshnizjani, Nahid Ahmadi","cross_cats":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-09-18T20:02:01Z","title":"Can non-local or higher derivative theories provide alternatives to inflation?"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1309.4782","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ac88df9dcf486476247b86e9988ee495685d26ac890813817ca4c38dd3c35ceb","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"866cc90e6a0e5b7fa295a570cc1996194495aca48faa70009bd1d5d5357f3639","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.CO","gr-qc","hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"hep-th","submitted_at":"2013-09-18T20:02:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"391cf85371055de295aba7364eb76320ce84ec0db9363d46a60a6401a20c1bdc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1309.4782","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7c40a31f90bb2726ad16f84a6a7a0e3ff0020a92d662ebbee1029bbe35acc294","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7c40a31f90bb2726ad16f84a6a7a0e3ff0020a92d662ebbee1029bbe35acc294","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18.077505Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18.077505Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"CRv0BR+Qpm4m9s8mmxbupBA610mO1j4oA8zmmnjGcNoOAVc3P6LvCzcD6TSFZdCmUf8ag+u905oMbsTt01Y0Cw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:05:18.078000Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1309.4782","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ac88df9dcf486476247b86e9988ee495685d26ac890813817ca4c38dd3c35ceb","sha256:2a1394f82fa3edd599d80dbfff08172db103fa07d64c610bb4c30099b765e4af"],"state_sha256":"2c791fb019d79c9ea2bd96a23e8dbbc77db0f82a97b87fb4ab649a595bbd7758"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"0CkU48w2New6vFpkz5wexsTqlvS2KZ/uqk4dcX84ufShq87SOPl7kus6XPsaqK0YoAu9P6ISSHO2Ij8DKb2uDA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-11T12:33:37.028383Z","bundle_sha256":"e60e402c97cbf9882a20c95428d78bab51a773c8fa773c51c87abc9eb60f24ec"}}