{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5","short_pith_number":"pith:PRS643EU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.07916","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T13:40:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7b7b80a51de4aa2970d83489d418e572ea5eabb0a0dfbb7cd35ac8d7325b7b9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"a842cf112ff88535498b791d257ccc8c8bc5e0b15b8e24edb44c561c78c29814"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c65ee6c9430bfc932417bd9dc7c2c67751401df95f289e5ab5d2112cf842843","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2410.07916","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.07916","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.07916v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.07916","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PRS643EUGC74","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PRS643EUGC74SMSB","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PRS643EU","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2410.07916","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T13:40:52Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"7b7b80a51de4aa2970d83489d418e572ea5eabb0a0dfbb7cd35ac8d7325b7b9e","abstract_canon_sha256":"a842cf112ff88535498b791d257ccc8c8bc5e0b15b8e24edb44c561c78c29814"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c65ee6c9430bfc932417bd9dc7c2c67751401df95f289e5ab5d2112cf842843","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46.109569Z","signature_b64":"7QNYl/WiprFgAJpDRTUqUmnOiUtYgcUF4DWkN/odDApQ7ofocPSfRPyzImGYuIn3y2QqSP33BCafWjAeOLGqDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7c65ee6c9430bfc932417bd9dc7c2c67751401df95f289e5ab5d2112cf842843","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46.109137Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46.109137Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2410.07916","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"03qg0ZO+jJjcL3jM0KnInBTEwpvcJwf5EUp+gn7JwFi2vqnhyR89RFTXIkZGBG8MXJlRyq27y4D0VsMaKr2xAg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T13:14:46.240275Z"},"content_sha256":"ee291b80f1e567acc98d0044a8ef028c3df103bf4d610e6e169e9a1976f6be47","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ee291b80f1e567acc98d0044a8ef028c3df103bf4d610e6e169e9a1976f6be47"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Robustness Auditing for Linear Regression: To Singularity and Beyond","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Ittai Rubinstein, Samuel B. Hopkins","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T13:40:52Z","abstract_excerpt":"It has recently been discovered that the conclusions of many highly influential econometrics studies can be overturned by removing a very small fraction of their samples (often less than $0.5\\%$). These conclusions are typically based on the results of one or more Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions, raising the question: given a dataset, can we certify the robustness of an OLS fit on this dataset to the removal of a given number of samples?\n  Brute-force techniques quickly break down even on small datasets. Existing approaches which go beyond brute force either can only find candidate sm"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.07916","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2410.07916/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"UpzRziMAFsxmDvnyzKlJ32StPg8Lf1yz+zq2FC3lTr47IXjwqTyfHc8TFsywm4WKkJ/X2pWYI9aYKofTjH+ZBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T13:14:46.240769Z"},"content_sha256":"432e47fdbb53f4e8986077a2d4080c40ab33fde747359d198707b41afa2d0a43","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:432e47fdbb53f4e8986077a2d4080c40ab33fde747359d198707b41afa2d0a43"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-07T13:14:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:PRS643EUGC74SMSBPPM5Y7BMM5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a842cf112ff88535498b791d257ccc8c8bc5e0b15b8e24edb44c561c78c29814","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T13:40:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"7b7b80a51de4aa2970d83489d418e572ea5eabb0a0dfbb7cd35ac8d7325b7b9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.07916","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2410.07916","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2410.07916v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2410.07916","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PRS643EUGC74","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PRS643EUGC74SMSB","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PRS643EU","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:432e47fdbb53f4e8986077a2d4080c40ab33fde747359d198707b41afa2d0a43","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2410.07916/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"It has recently been discovered that the conclusions of many highly influential econometrics studies can be overturned by removing a very small fraction of their samples (often less than $0.5\\%$). These conclusions are typically based on the results of one or more Ordinary Least Squares (OLS) regressions, raising the question: given a dataset, can we certify the robustness of an OLS fit on this dataset to the removal of a given number of samples?\n  Brute-force techniques quickly break down even on small datasets. Existing approaches which go beyond brute force either can only find candidate sm","authors_text":"Ittai Rubinstein, Samuel B. Hopkins","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T13:40:52Z","title":"Robustness Auditing for Linear Regression: To Singularity and Beyond"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2410.07916","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:ee291b80f1e567acc98d0044a8ef028c3df103bf4d610e6e169e9a1976f6be47","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a842cf112ff88535498b791d257ccc8c8bc5e0b15b8e24edb44c561c78c29814","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-10-10T13:40:52Z","title_canon_sha256":"7b7b80a51de4aa2970d83489d418e572ea5eabb0a0dfbb7cd35ac8d7325b7b9e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2410.07916","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7c65ee6c9430bfc932417bd9dc7c2c67751401df95f289e5ab5d2112cf842843","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7c65ee6c9430bfc932417bd9dc7c2c67751401df95f289e5ab5d2112cf842843","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46.109137Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46.109137Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"7QNYl/WiprFgAJpDRTUqUmnOiUtYgcUF4DWkN/odDApQ7ofocPSfRPyzImGYuIn3y2QqSP33BCafWjAeOLGqDg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T09:18:46.109569Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2410.07916","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:ee291b80f1e567acc98d0044a8ef028c3df103bf4d610e6e169e9a1976f6be47","sha256:432e47fdbb53f4e8986077a2d4080c40ab33fde747359d198707b41afa2d0a43"],"state_sha256":"58560e05fe09b271d5d1eb6f3a47f2d14225dd6bc67a2efe25f6e299a392013d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TEyMQmF6baIpXljOqgF7Zf3VALy4FklVF8lbtmGDTxqYM9icuUS+Y6JEsSL+XOQ3YdtZGDZeiisZ+gqUgw8IDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-07T13:14:46.245403Z","bundle_sha256":"ef5baabe60bf5600507665f794a09733ee0fdb8e01c003df5d3133638a2d5f71"}}