{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG","short_pith_number":"pith:PRYR6AYS","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.01625","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-11-03T11:11:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"47914701dc18efd15a574c7dfbca0add9178d982c6646771452ab9fb278f44dc","abstract_canon_sha256":"01dc705efdc69af9a40ca171e61ff121ff050acc2d059c453b246a5e85606cee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c711f0312fc6f7c1677bb6fa3bc8b99bf1aff89663f7eb84b71a884685c495f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2011.01625","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.01625","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.01625v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.01625","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PRYR6AYS7RXX","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTX","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PRYR6AYS","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2011.01625","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-11-03T11:11:36Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"47914701dc18efd15a574c7dfbca0add9178d982c6646771452ab9fb278f44dc","abstract_canon_sha256":"01dc705efdc69af9a40ca171e61ff121ff050acc2d059c453b246a5e85606cee"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c711f0312fc6f7c1677bb6fa3bc8b99bf1aff89663f7eb84b71a884685c495f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34.523771Z","signature_b64":"3gewO2ZbQbbQ0aPTSsktYMmu24cv4MXM+05e1q16ZcBScNVkgniBISxr3BL4A52PHjkVZGsNgf9Z555ZCclEBg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7c711f0312fc6f7c1677bb6fa3bc8b99bf1aff89663f7eb84b71a884685c495f","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34.523385Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34.523385Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2011.01625","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Fn88uHRRhJyCoF9cIwT+q3pODx2cOiCMVpyXI4X0nIMc/GETrrHWSYcnmNAmba7/tu1IFazbjtl56MttZMBVBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T02:13:46.835763Z"},"content_sha256":"af1b8c477cc328b1e52174aa09a19c496a0dbb9a999a7b5c7de49d6b67426d77","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:af1b8c477cc328b1e52174aa09a19c496a0dbb9a999a7b5c7de49d6b67426d77"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Causal Shapley Values: Exploiting Causal Knowledge to Explain Individual Predictions of Complex Models","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.AI","authors_text":"Evi Sijben, Ioan Gabriel Bucur, Tom Claassen, Tom Heskes","submitted_at":"2020-11-03T11:11:36Z","abstract_excerpt":"Shapley values underlie one of the most popular model-agnostic methods within explainable artificial intelligence. These values are designed to attribute the difference between a model's prediction and an average baseline to the different features used as input to the model. Being based on solid game-theoretic principles, Shapley values uniquely satisfy several desirable properties, which is why they are increasingly used to explain the predictions of possibly complex and highly non-linear machine learning models. Shapley values are well calibrated to a user's intuition when features are indep"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.01625","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2011.01625/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"9McE/brLvhClaHKjawuTWGIuD0EWx0Gmvms4LLHwddf6H7f//081YhGbBI73Y64VgqTZYi2uoKBdu3DQ6PUoAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T02:13:46.836356Z"},"content_sha256":"1a48be965ff0c459d03bd7d4236661fad3b91133314120db6e795affc429ab53","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1a48be965ff0c459d03bd7d4236661fad3b91133314120db6e795affc429ab53"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T02:13:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTXXNX2HPELTG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"01dc705efdc69af9a40ca171e61ff121ff050acc2d059c453b246a5e85606cee","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-11-03T11:11:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"47914701dc18efd15a574c7dfbca0add9178d982c6646771452ab9fb278f44dc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.01625","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2011.01625","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2011.01625v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2011.01625","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PRYR6AYS7RXX","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PRYR6AYS7RXXYFTX","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PRYR6AYS","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1a48be965ff0c459d03bd7d4236661fad3b91133314120db6e795affc429ab53","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2011.01625/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Shapley values underlie one of the most popular model-agnostic methods within explainable artificial intelligence. These values are designed to attribute the difference between a model's prediction and an average baseline to the different features used as input to the model. Being based on solid game-theoretic principles, Shapley values uniquely satisfy several desirable properties, which is why they are increasingly used to explain the predictions of possibly complex and highly non-linear machine learning models. Shapley values are well calibrated to a user's intuition when features are indep","authors_text":"Evi Sijben, Ioan Gabriel Bucur, Tom Claassen, Tom Heskes","cross_cats":["cs.LG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-11-03T11:11:36Z","title":"Causal Shapley Values: Exploiting Causal Knowledge to Explain Individual Predictions of Complex Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2011.01625","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:af1b8c477cc328b1e52174aa09a19c496a0dbb9a999a7b5c7de49d6b67426d77","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"01dc705efdc69af9a40ca171e61ff121ff050acc2d059c453b246a5e85606cee","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.LG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.AI","submitted_at":"2020-11-03T11:11:36Z","title_canon_sha256":"47914701dc18efd15a574c7dfbca0add9178d982c6646771452ab9fb278f44dc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2011.01625","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7c711f0312fc6f7c1677bb6fa3bc8b99bf1aff89663f7eb84b71a884685c495f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7c711f0312fc6f7c1677bb6fa3bc8b99bf1aff89663f7eb84b71a884685c495f","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34.523385Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34.523385Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"3gewO2ZbQbbQ0aPTSsktYMmu24cv4MXM+05e1q16ZcBScNVkgniBISxr3BL4A52PHjkVZGsNgf9Z555ZCclEBg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:48:34.523771Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2011.01625","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:af1b8c477cc328b1e52174aa09a19c496a0dbb9a999a7b5c7de49d6b67426d77","sha256:1a48be965ff0c459d03bd7d4236661fad3b91133314120db6e795affc429ab53"],"state_sha256":"49670ea7d879768bedbbb80421f01247bb47510dcfb2bd763157c46716e5bb75"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CDpFRcL2dQxQVCb64tDmPAWByTmdSXuN03O12heN8otfOIfODiVAHfP/WkY/4YoU5tEonVAlATHzGbMDF/VxCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T02:13:46.841920Z","bundle_sha256":"aa974d0dc04d5fef044eaa08e1881926934638133f52030e6446c2f8eefca660"}}