{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP","short_pith_number":"pith:PSHTOC2T","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0311257","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-11-11T20:42:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"9a884f6117095cc13b4986585fb2c25d07a9ab162e7e46f6826caa2653b669cc","abstract_canon_sha256":"4aa1d8dd853d85631121f1dd40a733aea05cb43cc561122ace77f7269f975b6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c8f370b533957a7f828f5b1ba1bc563cd523121640133e6e33f81ffd683a1af","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/0311257","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0311257","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0311257v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0311257","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PSHTOC2THFL2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PSHTOC2T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0311257","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-11-11T20:42:47Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"9a884f6117095cc13b4986585fb2c25d07a9ab162e7e46f6826caa2653b669cc","abstract_canon_sha256":"4aa1d8dd853d85631121f1dd40a733aea05cb43cc561122ace77f7269f975b6c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7c8f370b533957a7f828f5b1ba1bc563cd523121640133e6e33f81ffd683a1af","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.864342Z","signature_b64":"adlbruwfQlxu5GC/vxeiuKxCFMB/TwnSjMPOpSs9SPTligi4W33YiDgFRyLRGQckGBND884QvgRreAYtsYGpBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7c8f370b533957a7f828f5b1ba1bc563cd523121640133e6e33f81ffd683a1af","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.863577Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.863577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/0311257","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sj0TYf18UMXuWqWU67b1eusR3Y8roAMbK/ikUIf03gXchZKyJ88Isa3Z5WhjmZpS0Wwd7+VxO3MBbFKyDdqoBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T14:38:08.106781Z"},"content_sha256":"998f44139c0be9b60ef25ad3f544937e14c06e3d6be92b05d43a6156a78baf9d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:998f44139c0be9b60ef25ad3f544937e14c06e3d6be92b05d43a6156a78baf9d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2003:PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Dark energy from backreaction","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Syksy Rasanen","submitted_at":"2003-11-11T20:42:47Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider the effect of inhomogeneities on the expansion of the Einstein-de Sitter universe. We find that the backreaction of linear scalar metric perturbations results in apparent dark energy with a mixture of equations of state between 0 and -4/3. We discuss the possibility that backreaction could account for present-day acceleration."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0311257","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"e9bXzzrW975jSe/IF81KSZCki242gltnMKO637YLS/r9m8Df0tbmUUpR3wh5qdGYRcWPcPqElGUH1gD1NniYBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T14:38:08.107112Z"},"content_sha256":"87f969e9ea8769dbbac9e8af5c549afe45c1e8fdfa4e9f02a2fe6ec6e245cb10","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:87f969e9ea8769dbbac9e8af5c549afe45c1e8fdfa4e9f02a2fe6ec6e245cb10"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-27T14:38:08Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2003:PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI6WY3UG6FMP","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4aa1d8dd853d85631121f1dd40a733aea05cb43cc561122ace77f7269f975b6c","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-11-11T20:42:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a884f6117095cc13b4986585fb2c25d07a9ab162e7e46f6826caa2653b669cc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0311257","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/0311257","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/0311257v3","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/0311257","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PSHTOC2THFL2","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PSHTOC2THFL2P6BI","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PSHTOC2T","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:52Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:87f969e9ea8769dbbac9e8af5c549afe45c1e8fdfa4e9f02a2fe6ec6e245cb10","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider the effect of inhomogeneities on the expansion of the Einstein-de Sitter universe. We find that the backreaction of linear scalar metric perturbations results in apparent dark energy with a mixture of equations of state between 0 and -4/3. We discuss the possibility that backreaction could account for present-day acceleration.","authors_text":"Syksy Rasanen","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-11-11T20:42:47Z","title":"Dark energy from backreaction"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/0311257","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:998f44139c0be9b60ef25ad3f544937e14c06e3d6be92b05d43a6156a78baf9d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"4aa1d8dd853d85631121f1dd40a733aea05cb43cc561122ace77f7269f975b6c","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2003-11-11T20:42:47Z","title_canon_sha256":"9a884f6117095cc13b4986585fb2c25d07a9ab162e7e46f6826caa2653b669cc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/0311257","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"7c8f370b533957a7f828f5b1ba1bc563cd523121640133e6e33f81ffd683a1af","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7c8f370b533957a7f828f5b1ba1bc563cd523121640133e6e33f81ffd683a1af","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.863577Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.863577Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"adlbruwfQlxu5GC/vxeiuKxCFMB/TwnSjMPOpSs9SPTligi4W33YiDgFRyLRGQckGBND884QvgRreAYtsYGpBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:23:00.864342Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/0311257","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:998f44139c0be9b60ef25ad3f544937e14c06e3d6be92b05d43a6156a78baf9d","sha256:87f969e9ea8769dbbac9e8af5c549afe45c1e8fdfa4e9f02a2fe6ec6e245cb10"],"state_sha256":"1312c7bacbac0643fea1a8da945fe356bcea59deb31fae7ec64b6851bf5c84e9"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rTOOY4Hdv43KNNltzBhBffv2uzIOu1L522m4Gm79eZAF81xq8AVB7zwUl4ZQviPoFJRAJlwdjq39isTPbL9rCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-27T14:38:08.109038Z","bundle_sha256":"7904ec4c78a6e2dedf2107a68c232561f229aec084d40899de183b079d7963b0"}}