{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI","short_pith_number":"pith:PTKEZ3RB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-04-17T03:40:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"274c6a5f3233b39378568e08bc73c051362d64f5684b9bc287760028247675cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"fb5fcc2c43263a11391dbaea91482daed943737c1a665f9d3d1226fbd33c2c22"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7cd44cee2177a9583c369160801a677a10bca6bf0a1ffb84a0579ab478570740","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2004.08053","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.08053","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.08053v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.08053","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PTKEZ3RBO6UV","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PTKEZ3RB","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2004.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-04-17T03:40:13Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"274c6a5f3233b39378568e08bc73c051362d64f5684b9bc287760028247675cb","abstract_canon_sha256":"fb5fcc2c43263a11391dbaea91482daed943737c1a665f9d3d1226fbd33c2c22"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7cd44cee2177a9583c369160801a677a10bca6bf0a1ffb84a0579ab478570740","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54.314568Z","signature_b64":"NwkWTAWl43YzyVxuTG0stbBrNYGsj4EBFZc6WKwZ1mdVi495AXUxaHKzFwCdePQSZcKHH0JfNmKlZRyfks4VAQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7cd44cee2177a9583c369160801a677a10bca6bf0a1ffb84a0579ab478570740","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54.312970Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54.312970Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2004.08053","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"XOZX2f9kRI3n0PWJMue3ja4/6SCnnPoDIM0nOUjd0uyihcmTZvr7xS9l5geXrDYbLsfUFc+xX418QIxjnwwIBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T19:45:40.507620Z"},"content_sha256":"33d22773f70b1f74a702328e929d2730991e5cd80d024953f02511a211a888a2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:33d22773f70b1f74a702328e929d2730991e5cd80d024953f02511a211a888a2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Enriching the Transformer with Linguistic Factors for Low-Resource Machine Translation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Carlos Escolano, Jordi Armengol-Estap\\'e, Marta R. Costa-juss\\`a","submitted_at":"2020-04-17T03:40:13Z","abstract_excerpt":"Introducing factors, that is to say, word features such as linguistic information referring to the source tokens, is known to improve the results of neural machine translation systems in certain settings, typically in recurrent architectures. This study proposes enhancing the current state-of-the-art neural machine translation architecture, the Transformer, so that it allows to introduce external knowledge. In particular, our proposed modification, the Factored Transformer, uses linguistic factors that insert additional knowledge into the machine translation system. Apart from using different "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2004.08053/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WXh3h82WGd5BHpwCYafpvimRvE17kGMliUgI/PMrjQEwqIy9XELgxBeAHp0fiTu8bk7Qs3X1jLymKhviSsa8Ag==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T19:45:40.507997Z"},"content_sha256":"51906c38294d2c0df0860ddea07f6ac537ec1572190cf3d6cd70e40e41a253e3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:51906c38294d2c0df0860ddea07f6ac537ec1572190cf3d6cd70e40e41a253e3"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-15T19:45:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBWSFQIAGTHPI","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fb5fcc2c43263a11391dbaea91482daed943737c1a665f9d3d1226fbd33c2c22","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-04-17T03:40:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"274c6a5f3233b39378568e08bc73c051362d64f5684b9bc287760028247675cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2004.08053","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2004.08053v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2004.08053","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PTKEZ3RBO6UV","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PTKEZ3RBO6UVQPBW","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PTKEZ3RB","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:51906c38294d2c0df0860ddea07f6ac537ec1572190cf3d6cd70e40e41a253e3","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2004.08053/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Introducing factors, that is to say, word features such as linguistic information referring to the source tokens, is known to improve the results of neural machine translation systems in certain settings, typically in recurrent architectures. This study proposes enhancing the current state-of-the-art neural machine translation architecture, the Transformer, so that it allows to introduce external knowledge. In particular, our proposed modification, the Factored Transformer, uses linguistic factors that insert additional knowledge into the machine translation system. Apart from using different ","authors_text":"Carlos Escolano, Jordi Armengol-Estap\\'e, Marta R. Costa-juss\\`a","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-04-17T03:40:13Z","title":"Enriching the Transformer with Linguistic Factors for Low-Resource Machine Translation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2004.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:33d22773f70b1f74a702328e929d2730991e5cd80d024953f02511a211a888a2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"fb5fcc2c43263a11391dbaea91482daed943737c1a665f9d3d1226fbd33c2c22","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2020-04-17T03:40:13Z","title_canon_sha256":"274c6a5f3233b39378568e08bc73c051362d64f5684b9bc287760028247675cb"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2004.08053","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7cd44cee2177a9583c369160801a677a10bca6bf0a1ffb84a0579ab478570740","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7cd44cee2177a9583c369160801a677a10bca6bf0a1ffb84a0579ab478570740","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54.312970Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54.312970Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"NwkWTAWl43YzyVxuTG0stbBrNYGsj4EBFZc6WKwZ1mdVi495AXUxaHKzFwCdePQSZcKHH0JfNmKlZRyfks4VAQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:54.314568Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2004.08053","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:33d22773f70b1f74a702328e929d2730991e5cd80d024953f02511a211a888a2","sha256:51906c38294d2c0df0860ddea07f6ac537ec1572190cf3d6cd70e40e41a253e3"],"state_sha256":"8e398f85bf839769b5b77de3e6f63261f8505260d8929de3734cced9e8cbe1ca"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"SuUwXBbd8kPKst0bm4gsdMSxsymK/AvfEBVFwR+ERZqby0eH6iKVh0gZ/pBcdvzscxzi2MI/FQVEGl2hvcMvDg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-15T19:45:40.510549Z","bundle_sha256":"b5ad16b2a0005cbc72dce20f59e623a94bad55f98845278e557a8dc945d369cd"}}