{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED","short_pith_number":"pith:PU3Q6BTO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"adap-org/9706001","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"adap-org","submitted_at":"1997-06-03T21:42:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","nlin.AO","q-bio.CB","q-bio.MN"],"title_canon_sha256":"74a4967dad5b7c41c9a64a305fe588e604f95cfb52d1e53ed3148807b3492b3b","abstract_canon_sha256":"379da6f1de80bb586e6b94899f90cea361a94a95c90e6496c6717ab65d5c3b5a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d370f066e9bc219a44232d6d65ae520f122adcd5d9419598ca577829d4ca761","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"adap-org/9706001","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"adap-org/9706001","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"adap-org/9706001v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.adap-org/9706001","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PU3Q6BTOTPBB","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCC","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PU3Q6BTO","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"adap-org/9706001","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"adap-org","submitted_at":"1997-06-03T21:42:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","nlin.AO","q-bio.CB","q-bio.MN"],"title_canon_sha256":"74a4967dad5b7c41c9a64a305fe588e604f95cfb52d1e53ed3148807b3492b3b","abstract_canon_sha256":"379da6f1de80bb586e6b94899f90cea361a94a95c90e6496c6717ab65d5c3b5a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d370f066e9bc219a44232d6d65ae520f122adcd5d9419598ca577829d4ca761","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17.915790Z","signature_b64":"rZkFt7sRrIuVJiT6cmWgYQkUvvbH0H3mS3ySE1PF/5ZOxWn+LOMziFMdoO3dFfUbvx5A2+NsixxTKRFqdVP9Cg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7d370f066e9bc219a44232d6d65ae520f122adcd5d9419598ca577829d4ca761","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17.915422Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17.915422Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"adap-org/9706001","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"WDKBwzL9I2qPPQaJE6000lctjTcBoyfjMBWyz6pSKSQEBndgHYvmpStTrVZLjEJ5V/tHsB3phFrxRBziPOq2Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T05:02:15.944432Z"},"content_sha256":"f1c9472d005d28c0dad23dc24e24b007d25542f56529f0c271bc495ad2a3842c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f1c9472d005d28c0dad23dc24e24b007d25542f56529f0c271bc495ad2a3842c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Adaptation and Optimal Chemotactic Strategy for E. Coli","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","nlin.AO","q-bio.CB","q-bio.MN"],"primary_cat":"adap-org","authors_text":"B. Freedman, R. Koberle, S. P. Strong, William Bialek","submitted_at":"1997-06-03T21:42:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"Extending the classic works of Berg and Purcell on the biophysics of bacterial chemotaxis, we find the optimal chemotactic strategy for the peritrichous bacterium E. Coli in the high and low signal to noise ratio limits. The optimal strategy depends on properties of the environment and properties of the individual bacterium and is therefore highly adaptive. We review experiments relevant to testing both the form of the proposed strategy and its adaptability and propose extensions of them which could test the limits of the adaptability in this simplest sensory processing system."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"adap-org/9706001","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/adap-org/9706001/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mDlHVdoj55WDLxSUlei6YvNbL/IAOrsMuiqFbhoVYtWgwwRrOd0bNnrBya9rO34P/Rx2y8/HfTBUY9R37B7aDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T05:02:15.945077Z"},"content_sha256":"5796f1a54d2113c50ff945e4faaea19b8b31eed7b06950890335b349a75b4abd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5796f1a54d2113c50ff945e4faaea19b8b31eed7b06950890335b349a75b4abd"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-12T05:02:15Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCCGLLNMWXFED","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"379da6f1de80bb586e6b94899f90cea361a94a95c90e6496c6717ab65d5c3b5a","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","nlin.AO","q-bio.CB","q-bio.MN"],"license":"","primary_cat":"adap-org","submitted_at":"1997-06-03T21:42:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"74a4967dad5b7c41c9a64a305fe588e604f95cfb52d1e53ed3148807b3492b3b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"adap-org/9706001","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"adap-org/9706001","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"adap-org/9706001v2","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.adap-org/9706001","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PU3Q6BTOTPBB","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PU3Q6BTOTPBBTJCC","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PU3Q6BTO","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5796f1a54d2113c50ff945e4faaea19b8b31eed7b06950890335b349a75b4abd","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/adap-org/9706001/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Extending the classic works of Berg and Purcell on the biophysics of bacterial chemotaxis, we find the optimal chemotactic strategy for the peritrichous bacterium E. Coli in the high and low signal to noise ratio limits. The optimal strategy depends on properties of the environment and properties of the individual bacterium and is therefore highly adaptive. We review experiments relevant to testing both the form of the proposed strategy and its adaptability and propose extensions of them which could test the limits of the adaptability in this simplest sensory processing system.","authors_text":"B. Freedman, R. Koberle, S. P. Strong, William Bialek","cross_cats":["cond-mat.soft","nlin.AO","q-bio.CB","q-bio.MN"],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"adap-org","submitted_at":"1997-06-03T21:42:31Z","title":"Adaptation and Optimal Chemotactic Strategy for E. Coli"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"adap-org/9706001","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f1c9472d005d28c0dad23dc24e24b007d25542f56529f0c271bc495ad2a3842c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"379da6f1de80bb586e6b94899f90cea361a94a95c90e6496c6717ab65d5c3b5a","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.soft","nlin.AO","q-bio.CB","q-bio.MN"],"license":"","primary_cat":"adap-org","submitted_at":"1997-06-03T21:42:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"74a4967dad5b7c41c9a64a305fe588e604f95cfb52d1e53ed3148807b3492b3b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"adap-org/9706001","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7d370f066e9bc219a44232d6d65ae520f122adcd5d9419598ca577829d4ca761","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7d370f066e9bc219a44232d6d65ae520f122adcd5d9419598ca577829d4ca761","first_computed_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17.915422Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17.915422Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rZkFt7sRrIuVJiT6cmWgYQkUvvbH0H3mS3ySE1PF/5ZOxWn+LOMziFMdoO3dFfUbvx5A2+NsixxTKRFqdVP9Cg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-04T16:02:17.915790Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"adap-org/9706001","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f1c9472d005d28c0dad23dc24e24b007d25542f56529f0c271bc495ad2a3842c","sha256:5796f1a54d2113c50ff945e4faaea19b8b31eed7b06950890335b349a75b4abd"],"state_sha256":"b0de019ee74a9ce1a908e787eba1db50021a334ce2c36b18af13e67a6776b55e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"a9WpbQu3sF/PdWDkHJMM9picnFN9KvbUJwqWyxn0u1NZm3RtHZeK1AybGQZPGjaTbMASdsLnnhaPWRsHVwyGCQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-12T05:02:15.949767Z","bundle_sha256":"60ca8d9ae9cd66881bed93be9f1314a5078974cd55591613967bc82c9703e31f"}}