{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN","short_pith_number":"pith:PU4EZR2Q","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.02031","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-03T23:36:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"810213dcb8619e2fc48a0ecae2f4fb0ea7042c5c5627e19d2cca9742ab7d3897","abstract_canon_sha256":"09bf5938a7369492f747376bc9937283d22b94f8568533da2002635fc6450fae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d384cc750802314ea1ae8d3847519c34fdeadd594bea360d38e20ee664d1412","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.02031","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.02031","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.02031v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.02031","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PU4EZR2QQARR","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PU4EZR2Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.02031","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-03T23:36:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.NI"],"title_canon_sha256":"810213dcb8619e2fc48a0ecae2f4fb0ea7042c5c5627e19d2cca9742ab7d3897","abstract_canon_sha256":"09bf5938a7369492f747376bc9937283d22b94f8568533da2002635fc6450fae"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d384cc750802314ea1ae8d3847519c34fdeadd594bea360d38e20ee664d1412","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15.410294Z","signature_b64":"60AkkzVfM5zNu85RmHP3NMjpmjJ2t9SBkXXOTNXxgyWXboZ3EvBT2cvG/Q+qbCPYUW25571RfNGXqz33SLn/BQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7d384cc750802314ea1ae8d3847519c34fdeadd594bea360d38e20ee664d1412","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15.409817Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15.409817Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2302.02031","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HLvGn6DGUxsRm16Q8OErcPAc+mLrIcFJJEKxSWqLva01N0xJGDm21kEXXIvapFiW5ETgwezt8zuJXnpuA7IxBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:53:13.778601Z"},"content_sha256":"7b649b5b9fb1b1b3ab4d2ea8d53b84af6320bad2b07e3fd751ba274008fdfacd","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7b649b5b9fb1b1b3ab4d2ea8d53b84af6320bad2b07e3fd751ba274008fdfacd"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Augmenting Rule-based DNS Censorship Detection at Scale with Machine Learning","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.NI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Arjun Nitin Bhagoji, Jacob Brown, Nguyen Phong Hoang, Nick Feamster, Prateek Mittal, Van Tran, Vinod Yegneswaran, Xi Jiang","submitted_at":"2023-02-03T23:36:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"The proliferation of global censorship has led to the development of a plethora of measurement platforms to monitor and expose it. Censorship of the domain name system (DNS) is a key mechanism used across different countries. It is currently detected by applying heuristics to samples of DNS queries and responses (probes) for specific destinations. These heuristics, however, are both platform-specific and have been found to be brittle when censors change their blocking behavior, necessitating a more reliable automated process for detecting censorship.\n  In this paper, we explore how machine lea"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.02031","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.02031/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"jqWMz15ML+IMOAnhnPv8Zg8RIyBuakoTq9i1kFDqnap67E1OE7/T2m3N/WfzlEmw2j+OFO/DTz+e+DydN357DA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:53:13.779124Z"},"content_sha256":"150897c8028fe46e9039df864f10977143e1142665dbe645d13cf72bc6d8cadc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:150897c8028fe46e9039df864f10977143e1142665dbe645d13cf72bc6d8cadc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T09:53:13Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q25DJYI5IZYN","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"09bf5938a7369492f747376bc9937283d22b94f8568533da2002635fc6450fae","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.NI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-03T23:36:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"810213dcb8619e2fc48a0ecae2f4fb0ea7042c5c5627e19d2cca9742ab7d3897"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.02031","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.02031","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.02031v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.02031","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PU4EZR2QQARR","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PU4EZR2QQARRJ2Q2","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PU4EZR2Q","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:150897c8028fe46e9039df864f10977143e1142665dbe645d13cf72bc6d8cadc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2302.02031/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The proliferation of global censorship has led to the development of a plethora of measurement platforms to monitor and expose it. Censorship of the domain name system (DNS) is a key mechanism used across different countries. It is currently detected by applying heuristics to samples of DNS queries and responses (probes) for specific destinations. These heuristics, however, are both platform-specific and have been found to be brittle when censors change their blocking behavior, necessitating a more reliable automated process for detecting censorship.\n  In this paper, we explore how machine lea","authors_text":"Arjun Nitin Bhagoji, Jacob Brown, Nguyen Phong Hoang, Nick Feamster, Prateek Mittal, Van Tran, Vinod Yegneswaran, Xi Jiang","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.NI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-03T23:36:30Z","title":"Augmenting Rule-based DNS Censorship Detection at Scale with Machine Learning"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.02031","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7b649b5b9fb1b1b3ab4d2ea8d53b84af6320bad2b07e3fd751ba274008fdfacd","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"09bf5938a7369492f747376bc9937283d22b94f8568533da2002635fc6450fae","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY","cs.NI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-03T23:36:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"810213dcb8619e2fc48a0ecae2f4fb0ea7042c5c5627e19d2cca9742ab7d3897"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.02031","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7d384cc750802314ea1ae8d3847519c34fdeadd594bea360d38e20ee664d1412","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7d384cc750802314ea1ae8d3847519c34fdeadd594bea360d38e20ee664d1412","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15.409817Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15.409817Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"60AkkzVfM5zNu85RmHP3NMjpmjJ2t9SBkXXOTNXxgyWXboZ3EvBT2cvG/Q+qbCPYUW25571RfNGXqz33SLn/BQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:21:15.410294Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2302.02031","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7b649b5b9fb1b1b3ab4d2ea8d53b84af6320bad2b07e3fd751ba274008fdfacd","sha256:150897c8028fe46e9039df864f10977143e1142665dbe645d13cf72bc6d8cadc"],"state_sha256":"1b43200f33cc6b8af2aadc1e0da34ec05f873b64a30b0e32f1cb62c70aa68642"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"DXQWWIqIjm6qJ+ZoWD2xPUj3A/xYiHdV2OK4VfY8pDvGxkG6sdQItQtg52MC9luvEjUfV7iBlNH1tvgugKJ5Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T09:53:13.785179Z","bundle_sha256":"f5f7ed86bd40ceb10e8b1ac264bebc1eb20146f3e8d13f3821024d442857bcf7"}}