{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H","short_pith_number":"pith:PU7QIWZH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0805.0104","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-01T16:15:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"e835049299d41ade26cb9513a522d56a387425cd9317cbf7b4249c8efc84163f","abstract_canon_sha256":"41f5852c93af8640b3c86af9c9a19ea4d55c74a35bc9987e132b3accc53af2ff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d3f045b278c775c1c8f961b67a474f1c3e30e5498f76b647ebe5bfad037992b","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0805.0104","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0805.0104","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0805.0104v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0805.0104","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PU7QIWZHRR3V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PU7QIWZH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0805.0104","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-01T16:15:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"e835049299d41ade26cb9513a522d56a387425cd9317cbf7b4249c8efc84163f","abstract_canon_sha256":"41f5852c93af8640b3c86af9c9a19ea4d55c74a35bc9987e132b3accc53af2ff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d3f045b278c775c1c8f961b67a474f1c3e30e5498f76b647ebe5bfad037992b","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31.462641Z","signature_b64":"hBmcox74RtNfkcLvta54Tc28lSVYNiXx8B8iD5d46IaHmvZ+rP0DYtnXiYlavkTFYPc2Fx1zbON3KC06oZe1Ag==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7d3f045b278c775c1c8f961b67a474f1c3e30e5498f76b647ebe5bfad037992b","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31.461991Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31.461991Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0805.0104","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7B8PDiD0Mmhh0JKkCgPdFq1btDp2t/GEHzyY+QQOrxwIJaPFRaoCI0fYyKe2PVxgIt5aSjg+twLjMZy7RKY0Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:10:26.544493Z"},"content_sha256":"b4a3550ad8b6f0642d7aa3fc6062bea32242a79563c66c74f69a0f49b4c81028","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b4a3550ad8b6f0642d7aa3fc6062bea32242a79563c66c74f69a0f49b4c81028"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cosmic Rays Above the Second Knee from Clusters of Galaxies and Associated High-Energy Neutrino Emission","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Kohta Murase, Shigehiro Nagataki, Susumu Inoue","submitted_at":"2008-05-01T16:15:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Accretion and merger shocks in clusters of galaxies are potential accelerators of high-energy protons, which can give rise to high-energy neutrinos through pp interactions with the intracluster gas. We discuss the possibility that protons from cluster shocks make a significant contribution to the observed cosmic rays in the energy range between the second knee around 10^17.5 eV and the ankle around 10^18.5 eV. The accompanying cumulative neutrino background above PeV may be detectable by upcoming neutrino telescopes such as IceCube or KM3NeT, providing a test of this scenario as well as a prob"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0805.0104","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"TVPUyhPHSFGopFirlqoc7Bq5ghiJhCdT28pTWRgjM4Wkz6g3nYm59XpKgKiZdK76lGYv5El/sJvw55dFZuwtBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:10:26.545258Z"},"content_sha256":"30f4768ea8f826ae8e5bee2d637a4d2a695e4a6383c1133c49486f317f5381ff","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:30f4768ea8f826ae8e5bee2d637a4d2a695e4a6383c1133c49486f317f5381ff"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-28T21:10:26Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEPSYNWPJDU6H","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41f5852c93af8640b3c86af9c9a19ea4d55c74a35bc9987e132b3accc53af2ff","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-01T16:15:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"e835049299d41ade26cb9513a522d56a387425cd9317cbf7b4249c8efc84163f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0805.0104","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0805.0104","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0805.0104v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0805.0104","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PU7QIWZHRR3V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PU7QIWZHRR3VYHEP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PU7QIWZH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:30f4768ea8f826ae8e5bee2d637a4d2a695e4a6383c1133c49486f317f5381ff","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Accretion and merger shocks in clusters of galaxies are potential accelerators of high-energy protons, which can give rise to high-energy neutrinos through pp interactions with the intracluster gas. We discuss the possibility that protons from cluster shocks make a significant contribution to the observed cosmic rays in the energy range between the second knee around 10^17.5 eV and the ankle around 10^18.5 eV. The accompanying cumulative neutrino background above PeV may be detectable by upcoming neutrino telescopes such as IceCube or KM3NeT, providing a test of this scenario as well as a prob","authors_text":"Kohta Murase, Shigehiro Nagataki, Susumu Inoue","cross_cats":["hep-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-01T16:15:30Z","title":"Cosmic Rays Above the Second Knee from Clusters of Galaxies and Associated High-Energy Neutrino Emission"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0805.0104","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b4a3550ad8b6f0642d7aa3fc6062bea32242a79563c66c74f69a0f49b4c81028","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"41f5852c93af8640b3c86af9c9a19ea4d55c74a35bc9987e132b3accc53af2ff","cross_cats_sorted":["hep-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"2008-05-01T16:15:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"e835049299d41ade26cb9513a522d56a387425cd9317cbf7b4249c8efc84163f"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0805.0104","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7d3f045b278c775c1c8f961b67a474f1c3e30e5498f76b647ebe5bfad037992b","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7d3f045b278c775c1c8f961b67a474f1c3e30e5498f76b647ebe5bfad037992b","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31.461991Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31.461991Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hBmcox74RtNfkcLvta54Tc28lSVYNiXx8B8iD5d46IaHmvZ+rP0DYtnXiYlavkTFYPc2Fx1zbON3KC06oZe1Ag==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:04:31.462641Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0805.0104","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b4a3550ad8b6f0642d7aa3fc6062bea32242a79563c66c74f69a0f49b4c81028","sha256:30f4768ea8f826ae8e5bee2d637a4d2a695e4a6383c1133c49486f317f5381ff"],"state_sha256":"8ef76a4c67a1334c07ede637b4c32425d628f0ecef9587f048335e894807ffbd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hLmxMHiNfAFlipU5tDablpQGNXB8Oj+Hcc+SWWalUpWbeW3/6pPPZQ+13lhxqYfzA8ruN32VRPwqkPSHwIC9Dg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-28T21:10:26.549105Z","bundle_sha256":"fdab470d5f7dc94fc21ea17b2d38b4e3fdab5f44682848e200f462ac67f2486f"}}