{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ","short_pith_number":"pith:PUFELW35","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.07029","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2016-02-23T04:20:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"429d4e487351a00fd0fd5690d4f9614a83c066c3bdc343353a30254cd1ad86fd","abstract_canon_sha256":"968511780bfd146e240bb1ca4cc4e13015485be3318d6d4941954e2fd338771d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d0a45db7d458c9f5287b15263e1f3ac1e7ab1fa7cb1ca9605a56f6d841f3f99","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1602.07029","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.07029","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.07029v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.07029","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PUFELW35IWGJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PUFELW35IWGJ6UUH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PUFELW35","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1602.07029","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2016-02-23T04:20:40Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"title_canon_sha256":"429d4e487351a00fd0fd5690d4f9614a83c066c3bdc343353a30254cd1ad86fd","abstract_canon_sha256":"968511780bfd146e240bb1ca4cc4e13015485be3318d6d4941954e2fd338771d"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d0a45db7d458c9f5287b15263e1f3ac1e7ab1fa7cb1ca9605a56f6d841f3f99","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07.411196Z","signature_b64":"Kv2o8SowHTg5LV02nso0wUF9lcroBARXjM70Nmb42rML2GLafHIor0MxZBC52acilZJDIASN6lSET6phBLuHCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7d0a45db7d458c9f5287b15263e1f3ac1e7ab1fa7cb1ca9605a56f6d841f3f99","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07.410569Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07.410569Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1602.07029","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"KorLa+Um9KVC0giykVORq7XD7YuaexrwtPC3LxIHbqZ7+Yi02BESEiZOIynfpv/4u0oeNRkhOS1qNcRep1KwAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:37:11.755958Z"},"content_sha256":"b46e4caad3a57b626ad7375a27d388326323ae07e9d1e44ea09f5124e3b53f7b","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b46e4caad3a57b626ad7375a27d388326323ae07e9d1e44ea09f5124e3b53f7b"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Latent Skill Embedding for Personalized Lesson Sequence Recommendation","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Igor Labutov, Siddharth Reddy, Thorsten Joachims","submitted_at":"2016-02-23T04:20:40Z","abstract_excerpt":"Students in online courses generate large amounts of data that can be used to personalize the learning process and improve quality of education. In this paper, we present the Latent Skill Embedding (LSE), a probabilistic model of students and educational content that can be used to recommend personalized sequences of lessons with the goal of helping students prepare for specific assessments. Akin to collaborative filtering for recommender systems, the algorithm does not require students or content to be described by features, but it learns a representation using access traces. We formulate thi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.07029","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"N4byK5RkBc1eIcXs772KpEqx0B8UBU9HFhsXn62m+byzKBpjnJfk2AlxUSTxzz7crVOTzscjClt+rnlszJxeBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:37:11.756705Z"},"content_sha256":"a460a307af63234aa094fcd04ecc163e12b681fe3c2632c8219cb1af5350cc3a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a460a307af63234aa094fcd04ecc163e12b681fe3c2632c8219cb1af5350cc3a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T03:37:11Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:PUFELW35IWGJ6UUHWFJGHYPTVQ","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"968511780bfd146e240bb1ca4cc4e13015485be3318d6d4941954e2fd338771d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2016-02-23T04:20:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"429d4e487351a00fd0fd5690d4f9614a83c066c3bdc343353a30254cd1ad86fd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.07029","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1602.07029","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1602.07029v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1602.07029","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PUFELW35IWGJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PUFELW35IWGJ6UUH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PUFELW35","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a460a307af63234aa094fcd04ecc163e12b681fe3c2632c8219cb1af5350cc3a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Students in online courses generate large amounts of data that can be used to personalize the learning process and improve quality of education. In this paper, we present the Latent Skill Embedding (LSE), a probabilistic model of students and educational content that can be used to recommend personalized sequences of lessons with the goal of helping students prepare for specific assessments. Akin to collaborative filtering for recommender systems, the algorithm does not require students or content to be described by features, but it learns a representation using access traces. We formulate thi","authors_text":"Igor Labutov, Siddharth Reddy, Thorsten Joachims","cross_cats":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2016-02-23T04:20:40Z","title":"Latent Skill Embedding for Personalized Lesson Sequence Recommendation"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1602.07029","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b46e4caad3a57b626ad7375a27d388326323ae07e9d1e44ea09f5124e3b53f7b","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"968511780bfd146e240bb1ca4cc4e13015485be3318d6d4941954e2fd338771d","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI","cs.CY"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2016-02-23T04:20:40Z","title_canon_sha256":"429d4e487351a00fd0fd5690d4f9614a83c066c3bdc343353a30254cd1ad86fd"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1602.07029","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7d0a45db7d458c9f5287b15263e1f3ac1e7ab1fa7cb1ca9605a56f6d841f3f99","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7d0a45db7d458c9f5287b15263e1f3ac1e7ab1fa7cb1ca9605a56f6d841f3f99","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07.410569Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07.410569Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"Kv2o8SowHTg5LV02nso0wUF9lcroBARXjM70Nmb42rML2GLafHIor0MxZBC52acilZJDIASN6lSET6phBLuHCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:20:07.411196Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1602.07029","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b46e4caad3a57b626ad7375a27d388326323ae07e9d1e44ea09f5124e3b53f7b","sha256:a460a307af63234aa094fcd04ecc163e12b681fe3c2632c8219cb1af5350cc3a"],"state_sha256":"585ceb990a6c885990b20347839d48955c1c6c2082d5d764f574220369d38c5d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Uufhz+ihfGlfAEHgjqgW5/OPBUHS0bQzbupUQeNFai5gH5U7dTcFXayYvSQKpMZ4XXFIXkk3w5QcQ9SrPsVZAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T03:37:11.759951Z","bundle_sha256":"27996d93912ad6a2d9a341fafb6c4b93628e9ec86e24d2629c28879f2ca2a066"}}