{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM","short_pith_number":"pith:PVJBHX2O","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.02158","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2020-09-04T12:44:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.MA","nlin.CG"],"title_canon_sha256":"79394d57398a00607545ecd5d55b03f1beacd325090519d6c0b1f3d764cc558c","abstract_canon_sha256":"7365c93b5c01257d4ea19f77bdaee53ac8c585c17dbf3cb6f8da3ab9bb0ab6fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d5213df4e8125a8fb3dba9de1d2c31b2283138dfd0895d962ca6b756ccde080","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2009.02158","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.02158","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.02158v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.02158","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PVJBHX2OQES2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PVJBHX2O","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2009.02158","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2020-09-04T12:44:17Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.MA","nlin.CG"],"title_canon_sha256":"79394d57398a00607545ecd5d55b03f1beacd325090519d6c0b1f3d764cc558c","abstract_canon_sha256":"7365c93b5c01257d4ea19f77bdaee53ac8c585c17dbf3cb6f8da3ab9bb0ab6fe"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d5213df4e8125a8fb3dba9de1d2c31b2283138dfd0895d962ca6b756ccde080","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29.615263Z","signature_b64":"2gKHQDXLK4jUNB0s43LpQ0FJDxzyWovAkxzPu8/j50T54EGi5EXme12izU6cn9sJ49JUBuVNRpxOGnJRhJY7Bg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7d5213df4e8125a8fb3dba9de1d2c31b2283138dfd0895d962ca6b756ccde080","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29.614431Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29.614431Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2009.02158","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QqIZa2ztpxNcR2Zqu2H9gDbaYX/0+NVBZ1U1PFz8+Y7tAmeQcYUmOEAbMHway+/zC00ZgmEtxF2MMILyWUUUAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T18:56:36.107572Z"},"content_sha256":"b353452ac54cf6ba6e34f559ea5842a090b799606e0096ff058cb30fe11b1a4d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b353452ac54cf6ba6e34f559ea5842a090b799606e0096ff058cb30fe11b1a4d"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Braess' paradox in the age of traffic information","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.MA","nlin.CG"],"primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","authors_text":"Andreas Schadschneider, Stefan Bittihn","submitted_at":"2020-09-04T12:44:17Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Braess paradox describes the counterintuitive situation that the addition of new roads to road networks can lead to higher travel times for all network users. Recently we could show that user optima leading to the paradox exist in networks of microscopic transport models. We derived phase diagrams for two kinds of route choice strategies that were externally tuned and applied by all network users. Here we address the question whether these user optima are still realized if intelligent route choice decisions are made based upon two kinds of traffic information. We find that the paradox stil"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.02158","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2009.02158/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Buk/G5VwvVWUnMz9Qn06R+eLpeLLFa5nyBoIJPhYHTKwNTksex59wEiiSGrQWl+Y1hXd6zr8UCtjt5Vm0y7xCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T18:56:36.108075Z"},"content_sha256":"8a2ea2c8cab58120ec83328c2bc431b1c1c7e548fcd8e2d660d2b8800255ae7a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:8a2ea2c8cab58120ec83328c2bc431b1c1c7e548fcd8e2d660d2b8800255ae7a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-03T18:56:36Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5XKO6DUWDDM","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7365c93b5c01257d4ea19f77bdaee53ac8c585c17dbf3cb6f8da3ab9bb0ab6fe","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.MA","nlin.CG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2020-09-04T12:44:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"79394d57398a00607545ecd5d55b03f1beacd325090519d6c0b1f3d764cc558c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2009.02158","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2009.02158","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2009.02158v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2009.02158","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PVJBHX2OQES2","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PVJBHX2OQES2R6Z5","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PVJBHX2O","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:8a2ea2c8cab58120ec83328c2bc431b1c1c7e548fcd8e2d660d2b8800255ae7a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2009.02158/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Braess paradox describes the counterintuitive situation that the addition of new roads to road networks can lead to higher travel times for all network users. Recently we could show that user optima leading to the paradox exist in networks of microscopic transport models. We derived phase diagrams for two kinds of route choice strategies that were externally tuned and applied by all network users. Here we address the question whether these user optima are still realized if intelligent route choice decisions are made based upon two kinds of traffic information. We find that the paradox stil","authors_text":"Andreas Schadschneider, Stefan Bittihn","cross_cats":["cs.MA","nlin.CG"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2020-09-04T12:44:17Z","title":"Braess' paradox in the age of traffic information"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2009.02158","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b353452ac54cf6ba6e34f559ea5842a090b799606e0096ff058cb30fe11b1a4d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7365c93b5c01257d4ea19f77bdaee53ac8c585c17dbf3cb6f8da3ab9bb0ab6fe","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.MA","nlin.CG"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.soc-ph","submitted_at":"2020-09-04T12:44:17Z","title_canon_sha256":"79394d57398a00607545ecd5d55b03f1beacd325090519d6c0b1f3d764cc558c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2009.02158","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7d5213df4e8125a8fb3dba9de1d2c31b2283138dfd0895d962ca6b756ccde080","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7d5213df4e8125a8fb3dba9de1d2c31b2283138dfd0895d962ca6b756ccde080","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29.614431Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29.614431Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"2gKHQDXLK4jUNB0s43LpQ0FJDxzyWovAkxzPu8/j50T54EGi5EXme12izU6cn9sJ49JUBuVNRpxOGnJRhJY7Bg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:20:29.615263Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2009.02158","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b353452ac54cf6ba6e34f559ea5842a090b799606e0096ff058cb30fe11b1a4d","sha256:8a2ea2c8cab58120ec83328c2bc431b1c1c7e548fcd8e2d660d2b8800255ae7a"],"state_sha256":"a7c9cda2d18976cf3d06341ab9e23c5f8e0732d791480939c12f9b306fcd479c"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HLMAFJugL/Ly2RsK6CylnzmcXnPpa8sF3KupHvXway1DCnIpSS2RPWXZCLNcecCfVGttyiAVFWBQpE5XiVk5DQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-03T18:56:36.111474Z","bundle_sha256":"4e9ad58997327f2da13f7ad314267d9ace7a7f081f1a5b994902f933d2efa83b"}}