{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF","short_pith_number":"pith:PVQDRJRQ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.15236","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-03-27T14:20:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6bbb9e54e790eeb6af2c127588ad85b02ee1c82f112ea003f4d7db4d6d96af79","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7e6208812f8149baf5bc9f4adbf95483066621b2a2073a90608dbf291aea44b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d6038a63080bcc260a0e2f3c72cb47156e0b607747998dba5b5dde3f5acdf12","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2303.15236","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.15236","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.15236v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.15236","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PVQDRJRQQC6M","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PVQDRJRQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.15236","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-03-27T14:20:44Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"6bbb9e54e790eeb6af2c127588ad85b02ee1c82f112ea003f4d7db4d6d96af79","abstract_canon_sha256":"d7e6208812f8149baf5bc9f4adbf95483066621b2a2073a90608dbf291aea44b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d6038a63080bcc260a0e2f3c72cb47156e0b607747998dba5b5dde3f5acdf12","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02.687114Z","signature_b64":"UCzvE7JHqM247ffhiwi6xrfqgmPuazoPvz7/ZBuDZ5y26kCAyghheXgPa18QnZ39I2iFL5Z+8RFToYGoU2pvCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7d6038a63080bcc260a0e2f3c72cb47156e0b607747998dba5b5dde3f5acdf12","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02.686619Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02.686619Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2303.15236","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vJmi5f9gKqLGYjTHycBefWesXBR3snw9wPfkqk+mte6wEKiVGCqbOT18sRcYuAGDzk45csy6+UtPRHFk9GhQAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T21:00:01.674152Z"},"content_sha256":"a1f1f5b0f547e356d9832972c437f759c3b2be857128e1ce23e4810beefc54a5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a1f1f5b0f547e356d9832972c437f759c3b2be857128e1ce23e4810beefc54a5"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Grain Boundary Softening from Stress Assisted Helium Cavity Coalescence in Ultrafine-Grained Tungsten","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"J.R. Trelewicz, O. El-Atwani, S.L. Thomas, W.S. Cunningham, Y. Wang, Y.Zhang","submitted_at":"2023-03-27T14:20:44Z","abstract_excerpt":"The formation of helium cavities in coarse-grained materials produces hardening proportional to the number density and size of the cavities and due to the interaction of dislocations with intragranular helium defects. In nanostructured metals containing a high density of interfacial sinks, preferential cavity formation on the grain boundaries instead produces softening and often attributed to enhanced interfacial plasticity. Employing two grades of ultrafine-grained tungsten, we explore this effect using targeted implantation studies to map cavity evolution as a function of the irradiation con"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.15236","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2303.15236/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"J1JpDhsFYEPjv5V/JDXvM2qEdrjVEi/VQ0lsqPj0jfW+BD90tsV/QEyHfC5cPT5I/1dgiprFJLDR46GOOFnYBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T21:00:01.675072Z"},"content_sha256":"cb5981ef64f50f4092287d9d4e0fdcc33c20c22b955ae13f4f16c31b03c15b40","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cb5981ef64f50f4092287d9d4e0fdcc33c20c22b955ae13f4f16c31b03c15b40"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-10T21:00:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA4LZ4OLFUOF","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7e6208812f8149baf5bc9f4adbf95483066621b2a2073a90608dbf291aea44b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-03-27T14:20:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"6bbb9e54e790eeb6af2c127588ad85b02ee1c82f112ea003f4d7db4d6d96af79"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.15236","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.15236","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.15236v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.15236","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PVQDRJRQQC6M","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PVQDRJRQQC6MEYFA","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PVQDRJRQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:cb5981ef64f50f4092287d9d4e0fdcc33c20c22b955ae13f4f16c31b03c15b40","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2303.15236/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The formation of helium cavities in coarse-grained materials produces hardening proportional to the number density and size of the cavities and due to the interaction of dislocations with intragranular helium defects. In nanostructured metals containing a high density of interfacial sinks, preferential cavity formation on the grain boundaries instead produces softening and often attributed to enhanced interfacial plasticity. Employing two grades of ultrafine-grained tungsten, we explore this effect using targeted implantation studies to map cavity evolution as a function of the irradiation con","authors_text":"J.R. Trelewicz, O. El-Atwani, S.L. Thomas, W.S. Cunningham, Y. Wang, Y.Zhang","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-03-27T14:20:44Z","title":"Grain Boundary Softening from Stress Assisted Helium Cavity Coalescence in Ultrafine-Grained Tungsten"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.15236","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a1f1f5b0f547e356d9832972c437f759c3b2be857128e1ce23e4810beefc54a5","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"d7e6208812f8149baf5bc9f4adbf95483066621b2a2073a90608dbf291aea44b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2023-03-27T14:20:44Z","title_canon_sha256":"6bbb9e54e790eeb6af2c127588ad85b02ee1c82f112ea003f4d7db4d6d96af79"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.15236","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7d6038a63080bcc260a0e2f3c72cb47156e0b607747998dba5b5dde3f5acdf12","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7d6038a63080bcc260a0e2f3c72cb47156e0b607747998dba5b5dde3f5acdf12","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02.686619Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02.686619Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"UCzvE7JHqM247ffhiwi6xrfqgmPuazoPvz7/ZBuDZ5y26kCAyghheXgPa18QnZ39I2iFL5Z+8RFToYGoU2pvCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T05:55:02.687114Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2303.15236","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a1f1f5b0f547e356d9832972c437f759c3b2be857128e1ce23e4810beefc54a5","sha256:cb5981ef64f50f4092287d9d4e0fdcc33c20c22b955ae13f4f16c31b03c15b40"],"state_sha256":"f24e27ce23915eeae2c1f503739e58dc04bc54b8f42758144b57f8ac597787f4"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IqEsMGF1MWI01k4a0L5TQ/8N7/jG1f7I8RUQoiihRZfZHmvpClq7mm2t9Ih+1w7/xWLEPvt8dsJmPYwe2NTgAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-10T21:00:01.681666Z","bundle_sha256":"0914b373be8f0a29c877c247e835d12e3c33075f1d7af5016eaff6a513ff1f9f"}}