{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL","short_pith_number":"pith:PWMCBA42","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.08466","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-16T18:20:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"94e6b4d9bbefd4dccaa7b5cf04684e20b079a7a82aae6ae4b2f2c68620bf86d0","abstract_canon_sha256":"0ec08762443dcc498c6d70daac57131c7dc114abe3a80fe6513f36cd19d8f8d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d9820839a8451a9ad19ac87677afa0af609dd3683ea1c4a14f5600f8bb07727","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2302.08466","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.08466","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.08466v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.08466","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PWMCBA42QRI2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PWMCBA42","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2302.08466","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-16T18:20:27Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"94e6b4d9bbefd4dccaa7b5cf04684e20b079a7a82aae6ae4b2f2c68620bf86d0","abstract_canon_sha256":"0ec08762443dcc498c6d70daac57131c7dc114abe3a80fe6513f36cd19d8f8d6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7d9820839a8451a9ad19ac87677afa0af609dd3683ea1c4a14f5600f8bb07727","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59.097735Z","signature_b64":"oHJDdKawbUZEVxT8UaTOSrSZdbbrKnAHJ8C8pk/pkz7wZ6qM9K2x2jBSnRORDXFm4PHS0eM9lcOIjB3yvPfuAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7d9820839a8451a9ad19ac87677afa0af609dd3683ea1c4a14f5600f8bb07727","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59.097148Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59.097148Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2302.08466","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QcLbutDQrsdxScE1iygnxuRdX267yyEArS4xEsTdrug41dHbNy4/CMrTKeSEV86CZf5Q8loGBRQJ5gPZX+Q7Dg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T10:28:01.921171Z"},"content_sha256":"fafbc55174228bccb66bee9dd59827140d69470441efe678c07a3441bed9d98a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fafbc55174228bccb66bee9dd59827140d69470441efe678c07a3441bed9d98a"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Marich: A Query-efficient Distributionally Equivalent Model Extraction Attack using Public Data","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Debabrota Basu, Pratik Karmakar","submitted_at":"2023-02-16T18:20:27Z","abstract_excerpt":"We study design of black-box model extraction attacks that can send minimal number of queries from a publicly available dataset to a target ML model through a predictive API with an aim to create an informative and distributionally equivalent replica of the target. First, we define distributionally equivalent and Max-Information model extraction attacks, and reduce them into a variational optimisation problem. The attacker sequentially solves this optimisation problem to select the most informative queries that simultaneously maximise the entropy and reduce the mismatch between the target and "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.08466","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2302.08466/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"CGB4mURknH9dKSowBLDvLUsXrxCZTwVoGUODGim5RHaz1N2Sr2TenHNjCzbNt2PcG2zMlUn/Jc9L16rJOsqXDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T10:28:01.921740Z"},"content_sha256":"fe7e7c108392db936bb5b2c9b246f1817ae83e7b3d9a8978b93fbd2504c8b97a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:fe7e7c108392db936bb5b2c9b246f1817ae83e7b3d9a8978b93fbd2504c8b97a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-18T10:28:01Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZVSDWO6X2BL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0ec08762443dcc498c6d70daac57131c7dc114abe3a80fe6513f36cd19d8f8d6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-16T18:20:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"94e6b4d9bbefd4dccaa7b5cf04684e20b079a7a82aae6ae4b2f2c68620bf86d0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.08466","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2302.08466","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2302.08466v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2302.08466","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PWMCBA42QRI2","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PWMCBA42QRI2TLIZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PWMCBA42","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:fe7e7c108392db936bb5b2c9b246f1817ae83e7b3d9a8978b93fbd2504c8b97a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2302.08466/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We study design of black-box model extraction attacks that can send minimal number of queries from a publicly available dataset to a target ML model through a predictive API with an aim to create an informative and distributionally equivalent replica of the target. First, we define distributionally equivalent and Max-Information model extraction attacks, and reduce them into a variational optimisation problem. The attacker sequentially solves this optimisation problem to select the most informative queries that simultaneously maximise the entropy and reduce the mismatch between the target and ","authors_text":"Debabrota Basu, Pratik Karmakar","cross_cats":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-16T18:20:27Z","title":"Marich: A Query-efficient Distributionally Equivalent Model Extraction Attack using Public Data"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2302.08466","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:fafbc55174228bccb66bee9dd59827140d69470441efe678c07a3441bed9d98a","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0ec08762443dcc498c6d70daac57131c7dc114abe3a80fe6513f36cd19d8f8d6","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","stat.ML"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2023-02-16T18:20:27Z","title_canon_sha256":"94e6b4d9bbefd4dccaa7b5cf04684e20b079a7a82aae6ae4b2f2c68620bf86d0"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2302.08466","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"7d9820839a8451a9ad19ac87677afa0af609dd3683ea1c4a14f5600f8bb07727","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7d9820839a8451a9ad19ac87677afa0af609dd3683ea1c4a14f5600f8bb07727","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59.097148Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59.097148Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"oHJDdKawbUZEVxT8UaTOSrSZdbbrKnAHJ8C8pk/pkz7wZ6qM9K2x2jBSnRORDXFm4PHS0eM9lcOIjB3yvPfuAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T07:01:59.097735Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2302.08466","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:fafbc55174228bccb66bee9dd59827140d69470441efe678c07a3441bed9d98a","sha256:fe7e7c108392db936bb5b2c9b246f1817ae83e7b3d9a8978b93fbd2504c8b97a"],"state_sha256":"69ea706e434bd496448a9bdc0be26ef7f15265111d40166470b4f192cb58bf32"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zXay8H0C74IzcPU3sNM56ck6KoLyx0KwpyvkctdnxdNwu/F+jG3bFrP24ztCRSyAzEaxjH+4KnjCD7RELLDzCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-18T10:28:01.925839Z","bundle_sha256":"f084120e5eb2d0b29b340229a8a50058be15c81c42599ff20c83ffbd482b18e8"}}