{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2009:PZI2SH3WQQWC7OXQQEIABOHJ7G","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13a14bc1d3c5fe9f427f8a5188992953ed4f5a82b85a5b757d609e014fb799ed","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-10-19T20:05:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"840ae5374ada0e4fb57b0d25c5acae24bc375639b451906d2a9ef46799c241d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0910.3677","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0910.3677","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0910.3677v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0910.3677","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PZI2SH3WQQWC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PZI2SH3WQQWC7OXQ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PZI2SH3W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4116cdebe58636765c66c9089cdb796bf0509df3c6cfc74a401439eb54424f00","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The formation of thick stellar disks in spiral galaxies is studied. Simulations of gas-rich young galaxies show formation of internal clumps by gravitational instabilities, clump coalescence into a bulge, and disk thickening by strong stellar scattering. The bulge and thick disks of modern galaxies may form this way. Simulations of minor mergers make thick disks too, but there is an important difference. Thick disks made by internal processes have a constant scale height with galactocentric radius, but thick disks made by mergers flare. The difference arises because in the first case, perpendi","authors_text":"Bruce G. Elmegreen (2), Frederic Bournaud (1), Marie Martig (1) ((1) CEA Saclay - (2) IBM T.J. Watson Research Center)","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-10-19T20:05:49Z","title":"The thick disks of spiral galaxies as relics from gas-rich, turbulent, clumpy disks at high redshift"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0910.3677","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cba1032cb8c73401757652c3b2cd358c486f0c62d0150ab43bfee0767f6f344d","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"13a14bc1d3c5fe9f427f8a5188992953ed4f5a82b85a5b757d609e014fb799ed","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2009-10-19T20:05:49Z","title_canon_sha256":"840ae5374ada0e4fb57b0d25c5acae24bc375639b451906d2a9ef46799c241d2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0910.3677","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7e51a91f76842c2fbaf0811000b8e9f990eb689ae8201211fede786a5d0f7e19","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7e51a91f76842c2fbaf0811000b8e9f990eb689ae8201211fede786a5d0f7e19","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:18.241693Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:18.241693Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"bZvK16OZmZYseWLXkbw79TbELZLEBgJ1c6MpGKHPCxBUUqEcKkQIWpTbTNam5RSyviY+8I/MzoCXFII37zPPAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:34:18.242182Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0910.3677","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cba1032cb8c73401757652c3b2cd358c486f0c62d0150ab43bfee0767f6f344d","sha256:4116cdebe58636765c66c9089cdb796bf0509df3c6cfc74a401439eb54424f00"],"state_sha256":"6b9d689baa11654290512074fc3725c75e916c349bdcbd1f202a5b2c3cf97f27"}