{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA","short_pith_number":"pith:PZXDHIFO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.11604","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-04-23T13:50:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"792fda91518cabcfa3f4b4eacf53c8e3b1a514cd8e0f9c7c9673c774e750f34c","abstract_canon_sha256":"3a7000b16b044f78f80f8bd4cc035f863b2b4c17e6460937945cffb5b541e26c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7e6e33a0aed9a9efcb71df5bf13a1e70190d52fbb6451d9aa5e7d201bf37a566","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2104.11604","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.11604","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.11604v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.11604","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PZXDHIFO3GU6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PZXDHIFO","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2104.11604","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-04-23T13:50:30Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"792fda91518cabcfa3f4b4eacf53c8e3b1a514cd8e0f9c7c9673c774e750f34c","abstract_canon_sha256":"3a7000b16b044f78f80f8bd4cc035f863b2b4c17e6460937945cffb5b541e26c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"7e6e33a0aed9a9efcb71df5bf13a1e70190d52fbb6451d9aa5e7d201bf37a566","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33.769799Z","signature_b64":"QmvvZ++hcY8YOjZevWJqsRiD06ia1my47nmWItfEDv31jWT7/E3mdNSJRV6GXwJa32KwVD1z2AGz7FJXck9jAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"7e6e33a0aed9a9efcb71df5bf13a1e70190d52fbb6451d9aa5e7d201bf37a566","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33.769265Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33.769265Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2104.11604","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"QgNmX8uFMnB+8+UfHR6Ibl2FiK6wOSjQXsq+ZZBwhyxgLU5DQuh0qMcBNHONjHbCH769B31fXKskjJ5wn1bzAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T22:45:50.133308Z"},"content_sha256":"2756f03dc16b9579c4a0338768bfe5333dfd59cce43ea45af4d5768734f9e941","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2756f03dc16b9579c4a0338768bfe5333dfd59cce43ea45af4d5768734f9e941"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Learning in Deep Neural Networks Using a Biologically Inspired Optimizer","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.NE","authors_text":"Angeliki Pantazi, Evangelos Eleftheriou, Giacomo Indiveri, Giorgia Dellaferrera, Stanislaw Wozniak","submitted_at":"2021-04-23T13:50:30Z","abstract_excerpt":"Plasticity circuits in the brain are known to be influenced by the distribution of the synaptic weights through the mechanisms of synaptic integration and local regulation of synaptic strength. However, the complex interplay of stimulation-dependent plasticity with local learning signals is disregarded by most of the artificial neural network training algorithms devised so far. Here, we propose a novel biologically inspired optimizer for artificial (ANNs) and spiking neural networks (SNNs) that incorporates key principles of synaptic integration observed in dendrites of cortical neurons: GRAPE"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.11604","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2104.11604/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gK+iXEO09W4C2+mvqibHRfMtNcXz0RkMrL9qsTz+Vzw5AQlQg1vw9CsFQgurWzgmJS+KNqMER0+vtVSCVlVUBw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T22:45:50.133843Z"},"content_sha256":"43a5dc77706d9bb32ca804b8f5ffb40338dd79c66da1881e0c97554c1283f0d7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:43a5dc77706d9bb32ca804b8f5ffb40338dd79c66da1881e0c97554c1283f0d7"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-22T22:45:50Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R35N7COQ6OA","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3a7000b16b044f78f80f8bd4cc035f863b2b4c17e6460937945cffb5b541e26c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-04-23T13:50:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"792fda91518cabcfa3f4b4eacf53c8e3b1a514cd8e0f9c7c9673c774e750f34c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.11604","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2104.11604","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2104.11604v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2104.11604","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"PZXDHIFO3GU6","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"PZXDHIFO3GU67S3R","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"PZXDHIFO","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:43a5dc77706d9bb32ca804b8f5ffb40338dd79c66da1881e0c97554c1283f0d7","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2104.11604/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Plasticity circuits in the brain are known to be influenced by the distribution of the synaptic weights through the mechanisms of synaptic integration and local regulation of synaptic strength. However, the complex interplay of stimulation-dependent plasticity with local learning signals is disregarded by most of the artificial neural network training algorithms devised so far. Here, we propose a novel biologically inspired optimizer for artificial (ANNs) and spiking neural networks (SNNs) that incorporates key principles of synaptic integration observed in dendrites of cortical neurons: GRAPE","authors_text":"Angeliki Pantazi, Evangelos Eleftheriou, Giacomo Indiveri, Giorgia Dellaferrera, Stanislaw Wozniak","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-04-23T13:50:30Z","title":"Learning in Deep Neural Networks Using a Biologically Inspired Optimizer"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2104.11604","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:2756f03dc16b9579c4a0338768bfe5333dfd59cce43ea45af4d5768734f9e941","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"3a7000b16b044f78f80f8bd4cc035f863b2b4c17e6460937945cffb5b541e26c","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2021-04-23T13:50:30Z","title_canon_sha256":"792fda91518cabcfa3f4b4eacf53c8e3b1a514cd8e0f9c7c9673c774e750f34c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2104.11604","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"7e6e33a0aed9a9efcb71df5bf13a1e70190d52fbb6451d9aa5e7d201bf37a566","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"7e6e33a0aed9a9efcb71df5bf13a1e70190d52fbb6451d9aa5e7d201bf37a566","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33.769265Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33.769265Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"QmvvZ++hcY8YOjZevWJqsRiD06ia1my47nmWItfEDv31jWT7/E3mdNSJRV6GXwJa32KwVD1z2AGz7FJXck9jAw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:34:33.769799Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2104.11604","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:2756f03dc16b9579c4a0338768bfe5333dfd59cce43ea45af4d5768734f9e941","sha256:43a5dc77706d9bb32ca804b8f5ffb40338dd79c66da1881e0c97554c1283f0d7"],"state_sha256":"6438ea670866425cf73cd9a69ffc22ad1e4946e6b336a1d014ab76a0ee632d66"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7bypbsuZ0SBqMYC3/hKGdyBuCiFQP3rmekfFkvhcNlYbWf7dNcD4qcwRoQE7OLo2HuEGcOfw0/t7Ty9Re3bMAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-22T22:45:50.137988Z","bundle_sha256":"187fc210d2fdc2020d2c07c09b993028063fabec84cb3adef47e039402e0f6cf"}}