{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG","short_pith_number":"pith:Q2ZOSNXH","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.17489","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-25T03:26:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"9acd04717a6414249d4ca608ce88848ce05d4c9647be213cd9b2a288516b2277","abstract_canon_sha256":"7905f103cb084db27499cb8d154430631543e4f5b47a0bf459e3d4365e26628b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"86b2e936e79f70648db0e7e280eff7b9a8a4ddf7ebc4f9048a380b10d3e72814","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2405.17489","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.17489","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.17489v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.17489","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q2ZOSNXHT5YG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q2ZOSNXH","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2405.17489","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-25T03:26:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"title_canon_sha256":"9acd04717a6414249d4ca608ce88848ce05d4c9647be213cd9b2a288516b2277","abstract_canon_sha256":"7905f103cb084db27499cb8d154430631543e4f5b47a0bf459e3d4365e26628b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"86b2e936e79f70648db0e7e280eff7b9a8a4ddf7ebc4f9048a380b10d3e72814","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44.916462Z","signature_b64":"LKiiNXz9iso17UZWQc6mAzF1Y+HAH+ln70SheNFEoSwqhcT+I2uQF9JMMcD4DyXpFtEBdqN94X4tyxe3b/g7Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"86b2e936e79f70648db0e7e280eff7b9a8a4ddf7ebc4f9048a380b10d3e72814","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44.916104Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44.916104Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2405.17489","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"eMFVHaJlqZb8fw7Iytjkr8Ug6v05MQDjxspZ831PaXeSxIDZLZ0S15yHPJ4ALj0GxI+7kpOMikbSA5E6bwCyBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:58.586712Z"},"content_sha256":"b1ed5b64ee5328405d0b4981b51e83b4e10fdbc9d7f4dedcb92249fe92e0bc6f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:b1ed5b64ee5328405d0b4981b51e83b4e10fdbc9d7f4dedcb92249fe92e0bc6f"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Inflation of KNN-Shapley Value","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Han Yue, Hongfu Liu, Jian Chen, Ziao Yang","submitted_at":"2024-05-25T03:26:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Shapley value-based data valuation methods, originating from cooperative game theory, quantify the usefulness of each individual sample by considering its contribution to all possible training subsets. Despite their extensive applications, these methods encounter the challenge of value inflation - while samples with negative Shapley values are detrimental, some with positive values can also be harmful. This challenge prompts two fundamental questions: the suitability of zero as a threshold for distinguishing detrimental from beneficial samples and the determination of an appropriate threshold."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.17489","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2405.17489/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"07M6P30dknj4XR8Zr8QaM6x1BH0AEKu/3VVEhweh+3iSuzBi3X9TCm7ViVecL2JDIXXtvcFPJaQGS15jPUHKDA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:58.587232Z"},"content_sha256":"1096112f6b5f6e231ff0060195da4570fcc1240218ca1cd09cf8fcd86c21dd19","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:1096112f6b5f6e231ff0060195da4570fcc1240218ca1cd09cf8fcd86c21dd19"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:58Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ47RIB37XXG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7905f103cb084db27499cb8d154430631543e4f5b47a0bf459e3d4365e26628b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-25T03:26:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"9acd04717a6414249d4ca608ce88848ce05d4c9647be213cd9b2a288516b2277"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.17489","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2405.17489","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2405.17489v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2405.17489","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q2ZOSNXHT5YG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q2ZOSNXHT5YGJDNQ","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q2ZOSNXH","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:1096112f6b5f6e231ff0060195da4570fcc1240218ca1cd09cf8fcd86c21dd19","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2405.17489/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Shapley value-based data valuation methods, originating from cooperative game theory, quantify the usefulness of each individual sample by considering its contribution to all possible training subsets. Despite their extensive applications, these methods encounter the challenge of value inflation - while samples with negative Shapley values are detrimental, some with positive values can also be harmful. This challenge prompts two fundamental questions: the suitability of zero as a threshold for distinguishing detrimental from beneficial samples and the determination of an appropriate threshold.","authors_text":"Han Yue, Hongfu Liu, Jian Chen, Ziao Yang","cross_cats":["cs.AI"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-25T03:26:33Z","title":"On the Inflation of KNN-Shapley Value"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2405.17489","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:b1ed5b64ee5328405d0b4981b51e83b4e10fdbc9d7f4dedcb92249fe92e0bc6f","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"7905f103cb084db27499cb8d154430631543e4f5b47a0bf459e3d4365e26628b","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.AI"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2024-05-25T03:26:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"9acd04717a6414249d4ca608ce88848ce05d4c9647be213cd9b2a288516b2277"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2405.17489","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"86b2e936e79f70648db0e7e280eff7b9a8a4ddf7ebc4f9048a380b10d3e72814","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"86b2e936e79f70648db0e7e280eff7b9a8a4ddf7ebc4f9048a380b10d3e72814","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44.916104Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44.916104Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"LKiiNXz9iso17UZWQc6mAzF1Y+HAH+ln70SheNFEoSwqhcT+I2uQF9JMMcD4DyXpFtEBdqN94X4tyxe3b/g7Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:23:44.916462Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2405.17489","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:b1ed5b64ee5328405d0b4981b51e83b4e10fdbc9d7f4dedcb92249fe92e0bc6f","sha256:1096112f6b5f6e231ff0060195da4570fcc1240218ca1cd09cf8fcd86c21dd19"],"state_sha256":"c68b3ce9747a60a876e8de57d48307196b10e580483cad25d8f2fe933a0c7d5b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"03ixf1j1R+/F7i+ZNofXvKF89SpM5IgR+3qujuX5FZIiE2LsDdTuSoj/7n3Fl158AWG88jnOZCrpPqxBMnznCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:10:58.592672Z","bundle_sha256":"f8e6f1f6ef922cee5f6644e4600f862eb98295b9855fab313d75bb5a1f02fa61"}}