{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5","short_pith_number":"pith:Q3477LVO","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.00220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-01T07:45:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3605963973b4d2462881726d421d3a6b5df18e8e11c2d1186cd23514ceb6f120","abstract_canon_sha256":"2633ddd0c37a37024d1e4e12861082af8d31f2e1d4fbc2df2be768aafce664ff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"86f9ffaeae34eaf2cd1886304994adc7520e34ebbb2b5a0dc5ddab624f5f5f03","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1805.00220","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.00220","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.00220v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.00220","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q3477LVOGTVP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q3477LVOGTVPFTIY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q3477LVO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1805.00220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-01T07:45:41Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3605963973b4d2462881726d421d3a6b5df18e8e11c2d1186cd23514ceb6f120","abstract_canon_sha256":"2633ddd0c37a37024d1e4e12861082af8d31f2e1d4fbc2df2be768aafce664ff"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"86f9ffaeae34eaf2cd1886304994adc7520e34ebbb2b5a0dc5ddab624f5f5f03","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52.342259Z","signature_b64":"x4q48pVKNv8NC1EcOQsxp0ABR2lGQR0Ujgphuz9aR94cvmpKCGdoOpSXoeCdTeM9Og1Zh2K0f3VaD15JD+oYDw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"86f9ffaeae34eaf2cd1886304994adc7520e34ebbb2b5a0dc5ddab624f5f5f03","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52.341589Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52.341589Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1805.00220","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2rCvhgDsDyW6TrUak1SoAINslO1JLMkiJQ0sfPUBY7u8Zn8AEGzS3HhUbowOrleqf1sIrCnnvweQ6txfb9Q9Bw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T06:15:40.615819Z"},"content_sha256":"f9b5b4ff7f4116ba32e30b50d1020be7f91aa955846547e8690d80db03a95a7e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f9b5b4ff7f4116ba32e30b50d1020be7f91aa955846547e8690d80db03a95a7e"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Global passivity in microscopic thermodynamics","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"quant-ph","authors_text":"Raam Uzdin, Saar Rahav","submitted_at":"2018-05-01T07:45:41Z","abstract_excerpt":"The main thread that links classical thermodynamics and the thermodynamics of small quantum systems is the celebrated Clausius inequality form of the second law. However, its application to small quantum systems suffers from two cardinal problems: (i) The Clausius inequality does not hold when the system and environment are initially correlated - a commonly encountered scenario in microscopic setups. (ii) In some other cases, the Clausius inequality does not provide any useful information (e.g. in dephasing scenarios). We address these deficiencies by developing the notion of global passivity "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.00220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"taG6cyi9CoaI6IS6uREb10pZIW8S1oMyBSHkDF/2QNPomhIFwGnNHBKbLrfGHsr+07rn4C0qknFZVPalpeCkBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T06:15:40.616164Z"},"content_sha256":"5a9f5c74b6c9c4a872873394a9afc86f6bc09da837a83306a8ca8a319f2b15f5","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5a9f5c74b6c9c4a872873394a9afc86f6bc09da837a83306a8ca8a319f2b15f5"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-27T06:15:40Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:Q3477LVOGTVPFTIYQYYETFFNY5","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2633ddd0c37a37024d1e4e12861082af8d31f2e1d4fbc2df2be768aafce664ff","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-01T07:45:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"3605963973b4d2462881726d421d3a6b5df18e8e11c2d1186cd23514ceb6f120"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.00220","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1805.00220","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1805.00220v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1805.00220","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q3477LVOGTVP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q3477LVOGTVPFTIY","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q3477LVO","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5a9f5c74b6c9c4a872873394a9afc86f6bc09da837a83306a8ca8a319f2b15f5","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The main thread that links classical thermodynamics and the thermodynamics of small quantum systems is the celebrated Clausius inequality form of the second law. However, its application to small quantum systems suffers from two cardinal problems: (i) The Clausius inequality does not hold when the system and environment are initially correlated - a commonly encountered scenario in microscopic setups. (ii) In some other cases, the Clausius inequality does not provide any useful information (e.g. in dephasing scenarios). We address these deficiencies by developing the notion of global passivity ","authors_text":"Raam Uzdin, Saar Rahav","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-01T07:45:41Z","title":"Global passivity in microscopic thermodynamics"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1805.00220","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f9b5b4ff7f4116ba32e30b50d1020be7f91aa955846547e8690d80db03a95a7e","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"2633ddd0c37a37024d1e4e12861082af8d31f2e1d4fbc2df2be768aafce664ff","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"quant-ph","submitted_at":"2018-05-01T07:45:41Z","title_canon_sha256":"3605963973b4d2462881726d421d3a6b5df18e8e11c2d1186cd23514ceb6f120"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1805.00220","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"86f9ffaeae34eaf2cd1886304994adc7520e34ebbb2b5a0dc5ddab624f5f5f03","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"86f9ffaeae34eaf2cd1886304994adc7520e34ebbb2b5a0dc5ddab624f5f5f03","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52.341589Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52.341589Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"x4q48pVKNv8NC1EcOQsxp0ABR2lGQR0Ujgphuz9aR94cvmpKCGdoOpSXoeCdTeM9Og1Zh2K0f3VaD15JD+oYDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:12:52.342259Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1805.00220","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f9b5b4ff7f4116ba32e30b50d1020be7f91aa955846547e8690d80db03a95a7e","sha256:5a9f5c74b6c9c4a872873394a9afc86f6bc09da837a83306a8ca8a319f2b15f5"],"state_sha256":"a7da181b55494040be9e61ea3470a641df794cb31a27a8841b9ccd20f4e61e80"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"BX36tCyv0Qdn3Y+9fhcD9XH5kr6jgtxOBE5HooibStUUPUvYSlQzmmTLkPvMf9tlPxBDXuta1JRAuAk06yywAA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-27T06:15:40.618363Z","bundle_sha256":"177a4255516c8ff0830b4e4cae9c030096c5ee5c1033ec92143555b2929c0856"}}