{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK","short_pith_number":"pith:Q35GPJDE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.04170","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2017-01-16T05:14:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cc1b8784496b6669e13ccf7be1a0fbb2beb532b3a697571241fcd7942b011cd3","abstract_canon_sha256":"39514a247090f4a2d1e1662201c49075d9764df9735c5dca6c0cb74ebc7cd704"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"86fa67a464206e145a6b96b22f821db2ac760bd5b134cef7c8c11fd39d748224","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1701.04170","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.04170","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.04170v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.04170","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q35GPJDEEBXB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q35GPJDE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.04170","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2017-01-16T05:14:00Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"cc1b8784496b6669e13ccf7be1a0fbb2beb532b3a697571241fcd7942b011cd3","abstract_canon_sha256":"39514a247090f4a2d1e1662201c49075d9764df9735c5dca6c0cb74ebc7cd704"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"86fa67a464206e145a6b96b22f821db2ac760bd5b134cef7c8c11fd39d748224","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11.815717Z","signature_b64":"6ejvT0MqgW6MqFHkDQAUvbispzjCec5l5pb+JWlB0CTXzOyZKpY7ZwjjIAdqzIsWt+y/VX9qUG0SRQgBECO8CA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"86fa67a464206e145a6b96b22f821db2ac760bd5b134cef7c8c11fd39d748224","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11.815103Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11.815103Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1701.04170","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/E8i4dx314Iwn/cWxpwd/kn4Y4JLiO7z8Dy8DOiV98HX1n0sd1bjlEpCQN4fO12+VbVmm9dsorGKQlqoQ2pCBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T03:25:17.609196Z"},"content_sha256":"e45584f6590634efb4dfc64061b91675c0083b43bec50ebd7f9c8531c5b642ca","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e45584f6590634efb4dfc64061b91675c0083b43bec50ebd7f9c8531c5b642ca"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Nonlinear particle acceleration and thermal particles in GRB afterglows","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Donald C. Ellison, Donald C. Warren, Maxim V. Barkov, Shigehiro Nagataki","submitted_at":"2017-01-16T05:14:00Z","abstract_excerpt":"The standard model for GRB afterglow emission treats the accelerated electron population as a simple power law, $N(E) \\propto E^{-p}$ for $p \\gtrsim 2$. However, in standard Fermi shock acceleration a substantial fraction of the swept-up particles do not enter the acceleration process at all. Additionally, if acceleration is efficient then the nonlinear backreaction of accelerated particles on the shock structure modifies the shape of the non-thermal tail of the particle spectra. Both of these modifications to the standard synchrotron afterglow impact the luminosity, spectra, and temporal vari"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.04170","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"6yDRgUg4o5It8ktTda1V9wcWb/tqlSQVPtxHtCF2zxVrnEiQi5Y0JSGwHUDc6a+gQZH3InMbkBPOgrl2Jq25Aw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T03:25:17.609563Z"},"content_sha256":"717637634b6e1179be951e803a69ed86eb4f731d0e9262f7665004ebc79ccdb1","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:717637634b6e1179be951e803a69ed86eb4f731d0e9262f7665004ebc79ccdb1"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T03:25:17Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTLS2ZC7AQ5WK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"39514a247090f4a2d1e1662201c49075d9764df9735c5dca6c0cb74ebc7cd704","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2017-01-16T05:14:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"cc1b8784496b6669e13ccf7be1a0fbb2beb532b3a697571241fcd7942b011cd3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.04170","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.04170","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.04170v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.04170","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q35GPJDEEBXB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q35GPJDEEBXBIWTL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q35GPJDE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:717637634b6e1179be951e803a69ed86eb4f731d0e9262f7665004ebc79ccdb1","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The standard model for GRB afterglow emission treats the accelerated electron population as a simple power law, $N(E) \\propto E^{-p}$ for $p \\gtrsim 2$. However, in standard Fermi shock acceleration a substantial fraction of the swept-up particles do not enter the acceleration process at all. Additionally, if acceleration is efficient then the nonlinear backreaction of accelerated particles on the shock structure modifies the shape of the non-thermal tail of the particle spectra. Both of these modifications to the standard synchrotron afterglow impact the luminosity, spectra, and temporal vari","authors_text":"Donald C. Ellison, Donald C. Warren, Maxim V. Barkov, Shigehiro Nagataki","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2017-01-16T05:14:00Z","title":"Nonlinear particle acceleration and thermal particles in GRB afterglows"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.04170","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e45584f6590634efb4dfc64061b91675c0083b43bec50ebd7f9c8531c5b642ca","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"39514a247090f4a2d1e1662201c49075d9764df9735c5dca6c0cb74ebc7cd704","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2017-01-16T05:14:00Z","title_canon_sha256":"cc1b8784496b6669e13ccf7be1a0fbb2beb532b3a697571241fcd7942b011cd3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.04170","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"86fa67a464206e145a6b96b22f821db2ac760bd5b134cef7c8c11fd39d748224","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"86fa67a464206e145a6b96b22f821db2ac760bd5b134cef7c8c11fd39d748224","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11.815103Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11.815103Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6ejvT0MqgW6MqFHkDQAUvbispzjCec5l5pb+JWlB0CTXzOyZKpY7ZwjjIAdqzIsWt+y/VX9qUG0SRQgBECO8CA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:11.815717Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1701.04170","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e45584f6590634efb4dfc64061b91675c0083b43bec50ebd7f9c8531c5b642ca","sha256:717637634b6e1179be951e803a69ed86eb4f731d0e9262f7665004ebc79ccdb1"],"state_sha256":"4360a7b848ffe1349864d82f96a7351e2b7389a1730ea59a678bd779f5e2d6fd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MpUY0ualmSMzknkabbYl1i5O2Z+uNbzBQnHvC1hf02DifqB0Kg5RuWwNT01LC2bMNUF8RakEzBWH21+0xhwUAw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T03:25:17.611523Z","bundle_sha256":"20114a84378ce5e11ca77b5f53530c932b550886c57506249d38b3a61b1cfb97"}}