{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2018:Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG","short_pith_number":"pith:Q3ROGKII","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"86e2e32908f461252ac616c1d51d03c9a862975edcf7f39758c8ff5238088900","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1809.09130","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Astrophysics of stellar black holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Michela Mapelli","submitted_at":"2018-09-24T18:01:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"On September 14 2015, the LIGO interferometers captured a gravitational wave (GW) signal from two merging black holes (BHs), opening the era of GW astrophysics. Five BH mergers have been reported so far, three of them involving massive BHs ($\\gtrsim{}30$ M$_\\odot$). According to stellar evolution models, such massive BHs can originate from massive, relatively metal-poor stars. The formation channels of merging BH binaries are still an open question: a plethora of uncertainties affect the evolution of massive stellar binaries (e.g. the process of common envelope) and their dynamics. This review"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1809.09130","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","submitted_at":"2018-09-24T18:01:18Z","cross_cats_sorted":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"title_canon_sha256":"270640e33f66142189260828019a7a45a1375a9750e120dcf633427c58455149","abstract_canon_sha256":"099d4c89a93f77af4244c78598b0e8175fe8753975c561a19b44fafca2c5cdcb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:54.204996Z","signature_b64":"o9F4r3vr/sW47xOwvKT7r2Nz5xFgqUVoyhPaoRaUwlpXAy97G7D3i+UfQhONk4XjsCwdFNhYdtHPLfsXnMcABQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"86e2e32908f461252ac616c1d51d03c9a862975edcf7f39758c8ff5238088900","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:54.204330Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:54.204330Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Astrophysics of stellar black holes","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["astro-ph.GA","astro-ph.SR"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.HE","authors_text":"Michela Mapelli","submitted_at":"2018-09-24T18:01:18Z","abstract_excerpt":"On September 14 2015, the LIGO interferometers captured a gravitational wave (GW) signal from two merging black holes (BHs), opening the era of GW astrophysics. Five BH mergers have been reported so far, three of them involving massive BHs ($\\gtrsim{}30$ M$_\\odot$). According to stellar evolution models, such massive BHs can originate from massive, relatively metal-poor stars. The formation channels of merging BH binaries are still an open question: a plethora of uncertainties affect the evolution of massive stellar binaries (e.g. the process of common envelope) and their dynamics. This review"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1809.09130","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1809.09130","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:54.204461+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1809.09130v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:54.204461+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1809.09130","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:54.204461+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q3ROGKII6RQS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46.962924+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46.962924+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q3ROGKII","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46.962924+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":3,"internal_anchor_count":2,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2311.01300","citing_title":"Waveform Modelling for the Laser Interferometer Space Antenna","ref_index":214,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2511.00200","citing_title":"Seeds to success: growing heavy black holes in dense star clusters","ref_index":93,"is_internal_anchor":true},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.06090","citing_title":"Posterior Predictive Checks for Gravitational-wave Populations: Limitations and Improvements","ref_index":52,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG","json":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/Q3ROGKII"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/Q3ROGKII","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=1809.09130&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/Q3ROGKII6RQSKKWGC3A5KHIDZG/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:54.204461+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T00:04:54.204461+00:00"}