{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2009:Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2","short_pith_number":"pith:Q4NL5ZMC","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"871abee5829d0fd7a0b4a30520ba8d9eb9e45e4751b4fa971ef80879ced7f718","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0909.4543","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Clumps in the Outer Disk by Disk Instability: Why They are Initially Gas Giants and the Legacy of Disruption","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Aaron C. Boley, Lucio Mayer, Richard H. Durisen, Tristen Hayfield","submitted_at":"2009-09-24T20:35:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We explore the initial conditions for fragments in the extended regions ($r\\gtrsim 50$ AU) of gravitationally unstable disks. We combine analytic estimates for the fragmentation of spiral arms with 3D SPH simulations to show that initial fragment masses are in the gas giant regime. These initial fragments will have substantial angular momentum, and should form disks with radii of a few AU. We show that clumps will survive for multiple orbits before they undergo a second, rapid collapse due to H$_2$ dissociation and that it is possible to destroy bound clumps by transporting them into the inner"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0909.4543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","submitted_at":"2009-09-24T20:35:25Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0671898dabbce1e05c5317f7c80f3329713be481f346d56050f80abe14a57d16","abstract_canon_sha256":"219ad3109c08035e63fb0bca287823715a718cc0516e2dfbbb21105ee050a667"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:37.893196Z","signature_b64":"D8zCqpfToOyhHb7L4AMKAP31nNCQGlVQ8i1uKOU2p88zQ7uMMx3vfEkw0Ax7c05ePOR0MuBQSG/uSj+GqOLxAw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"871abee5829d0fd7a0b4a30520ba8d9eb9e45e4751b4fa971ef80879ced7f718","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:37.892797Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:37.892797Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Clumps in the Outer Disk by Disk Instability: Why They are Initially Gas Giants and the Legacy of Disruption","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.EP","authors_text":"Aaron C. Boley, Lucio Mayer, Richard H. Durisen, Tristen Hayfield","submitted_at":"2009-09-24T20:35:25Z","abstract_excerpt":"We explore the initial conditions for fragments in the extended regions ($r\\gtrsim 50$ AU) of gravitationally unstable disks. We combine analytic estimates for the fragmentation of spiral arms with 3D SPH simulations to show that initial fragment masses are in the gas giant regime. These initial fragments will have substantial angular momentum, and should form disks with radii of a few AU. We show that clumps will survive for multiple orbits before they undergo a second, rapid collapse due to H$_2$ dissociation and that it is possible to destroy bound clumps by transporting them into the inner"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0909.4543","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0909.4543","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:37.892865+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0909.4543v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:37.892865+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0909.4543","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:37.892865+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q4NL5ZMCTUH5","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01.383474+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01.383474+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q4NL5ZMC","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:26:01.383474+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2","json":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/Q4NL5ZMC"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/Q4NL5ZMC","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=0909.4543&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4NL5ZMCTUH5PIFUUMCSBOUNT2/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:37.892865+00:00","updated_at":"2026-05-18T02:11:37.892865+00:00"}