{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU","short_pith_number":"pith:Q4ZAOFWE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.02235","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-06-07T17:58:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2458c7e0a728c36c6270c33843d30c7f3b9ad7e2ca5fb6dda7368b9c6f4e9a8b","abstract_canon_sha256":"837cfa0eb898f19aad9bdae9a853a80cfb48ddffac393b2a1aa000b30cefa5fc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"87320716c4dae8934cd24402c028097d0da087147bbf096d11e14d7b2f29462f","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1606.02235","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.02235","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.02235v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.02235","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q4ZAOFWE3LUJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q4ZAOFWE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1606.02235","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-06-07T17:58:28Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"2458c7e0a728c36c6270c33843d30c7f3b9ad7e2ca5fb6dda7368b9c6f4e9a8b","abstract_canon_sha256":"837cfa0eb898f19aad9bdae9a853a80cfb48ddffac393b2a1aa000b30cefa5fc"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"87320716c4dae8934cd24402c028097d0da087147bbf096d11e14d7b2f29462f","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44.410220Z","signature_b64":"A6aUMp+KS4NTNCrlL/+fYP/wgKT91EiIK5UfnngTLKeWoQ2+8b2nUe1aYGYA6m7nEurQHVaXJ6u13DuNYDz3Dw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"87320716c4dae8934cd24402c028097d0da087147bbf096d11e14d7b2f29462f","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44.409849Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44.409849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1606.02235","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Rn6u1tosNsh0PQcA90ZMwlZlKU2pG5w0P4BfZRBFc46aKwrWaGLmi6Zf7C0CSMU9U0PxdzmNj1ObRPE7QQBDDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:00:39.211491Z"},"content_sha256":"412f9b1934708bc5c7c79e4dadbe5248567e9e251c3d11f772deeae4d96b8fe4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:412f9b1934708bc5c7c79e4dadbe5248567e9e251c3d11f772deeae4d96b8fe4"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Estimating the observable population size from biased samples: a new approach to population estimation with capture heterogeneity","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"stat.ME","authors_text":"Daniel Manrique-Vallier, James E. Johndrow, Kristian Lum","submitted_at":"2016-06-07T17:58:28Z","abstract_excerpt":"Capture-recapture methods aim to estimate the size of a closed population on the basis of multiple incomplete enumerations of individuals. In many applications, the individual probability of being recorded is heterogeneous in the population. Previous studies have suggested that it is not possible to reliably estimate the total population size when capture heterogeneity exists. Here we approach population estimation in the presence of capture heterogeneity as a latent length biased nonparametric density estimation problem on the unit interval. We show that in this setting it is generally imposs"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.02235","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"3TuTg6C70cZeELUDkf5MZFgTJiZ8mIZ/xTSaiVJLuKFMXKfk3ousAI5hf/LYQsXpsAWSNZTAiXHYsmhCnPNuAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:00:39.212207Z"},"content_sha256":"f1b2254c29a8de70b1a40360dcccaad9e10382823302ed1b661f3117f3a2608c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f1b2254c29a8de70b1a40360dcccaad9e10382823302ed1b661f3117f3a2608c"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-25T15:00:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGSIQBMAKAJPU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"837cfa0eb898f19aad9bdae9a853a80cfb48ddffac393b2a1aa000b30cefa5fc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-06-07T17:58:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"2458c7e0a728c36c6270c33843d30c7f3b9ad7e2ca5fb6dda7368b9c6f4e9a8b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.02235","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1606.02235","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1606.02235v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1606.02235","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q4ZAOFWE3LUJ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q4ZAOFWE3LUJGTGS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q4ZAOFWE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:f1b2254c29a8de70b1a40360dcccaad9e10382823302ed1b661f3117f3a2608c","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Capture-recapture methods aim to estimate the size of a closed population on the basis of multiple incomplete enumerations of individuals. In many applications, the individual probability of being recorded is heterogeneous in the population. Previous studies have suggested that it is not possible to reliably estimate the total population size when capture heterogeneity exists. Here we approach population estimation in the presence of capture heterogeneity as a latent length biased nonparametric density estimation problem on the unit interval. We show that in this setting it is generally imposs","authors_text":"Daniel Manrique-Vallier, James E. Johndrow, Kristian Lum","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-06-07T17:58:28Z","title":"Estimating the observable population size from biased samples: a new approach to population estimation with capture heterogeneity"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1606.02235","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:412f9b1934708bc5c7c79e4dadbe5248567e9e251c3d11f772deeae4d96b8fe4","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"837cfa0eb898f19aad9bdae9a853a80cfb48ddffac393b2a1aa000b30cefa5fc","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"stat.ME","submitted_at":"2016-06-07T17:58:28Z","title_canon_sha256":"2458c7e0a728c36c6270c33843d30c7f3b9ad7e2ca5fb6dda7368b9c6f4e9a8b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1606.02235","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"87320716c4dae8934cd24402c028097d0da087147bbf096d11e14d7b2f29462f","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"87320716c4dae8934cd24402c028097d0da087147bbf096d11e14d7b2f29462f","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44.409849Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44.409849Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"A6aUMp+KS4NTNCrlL/+fYP/wgKT91EiIK5UfnngTLKeWoQ2+8b2nUe1aYGYA6m7nEurQHVaXJ6u13DuNYDz3Dw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:12:44.410220Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1606.02235","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:412f9b1934708bc5c7c79e4dadbe5248567e9e251c3d11f772deeae4d96b8fe4","sha256:f1b2254c29a8de70b1a40360dcccaad9e10382823302ed1b661f3117f3a2608c"],"state_sha256":"c42233d45e2f3ee4a7f96459158f9459bde54524bffb181f54d27b6b7d8e2e81"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"n2soqwKYDOOm92DlKfwcwcFApMZ8vX8no/zGsLeCaeXQS76dFA04le+Q1qTc+/4gsxcLWDKqJCAyEJaQ2oMFCw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-25T15:00:39.216272Z","bundle_sha256":"c19b3e166f26df2b82b8b55c8c516911b7bd23724689208ddbd12df10bae16dc"}}