{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4","short_pith_number":"pith:Q5GBAWYA","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.05903","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-16T04:29:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3fcbb32fcf296519c87adfee4783c8da8c38f275dfb0db6906c00967d4ae6c3c","abstract_canon_sha256":"8e2518c8a659b0df1fd3b9fb39e9530719e4e315422593bc72f8ca0b99bd34a1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"874c105b005c2cb23481493470f619c720687cbaf1c4d533c46ae38a0d1ff654","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1712.05903","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.05903","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.05903v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.05903","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q5GBAWYALQWL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q5GBAWYALQWLENEB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q5GBAWYA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1712.05903","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-16T04:29:33Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"3fcbb32fcf296519c87adfee4783c8da8c38f275dfb0db6906c00967d4ae6c3c","abstract_canon_sha256":"8e2518c8a659b0df1fd3b9fb39e9530719e4e315422593bc72f8ca0b99bd34a1"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"874c105b005c2cb23481493470f619c720687cbaf1c4d533c46ae38a0d1ff654","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51.561943Z","signature_b64":"9E1et49L/q9ylFsaHFz0Vn3iNmh3iUmngOsv9Y7qqrmkqSEr0r//unjPQUHze+5QOucfhL3mqnTVeTrSrvULAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"874c105b005c2cb23481493470f619c720687cbaf1c4d533c46ae38a0d1ff654","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51.561361Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51.561361Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1712.05903","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"sXxnOnPXFmAmvo3/BrCYZn5U1qNwAowRjC0O8smCp1Hs8BgIRhHPebXqMNM/PdmOnqmBJ3bErjhLDqoPZELhAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T00:58:54.941923Z"},"content_sha256":"a35a111bf2512844e2fd471cad82cb6e93ca4b539179856fd1391ade06482c68","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a35a111bf2512844e2fd471cad82cb6e93ca4b539179856fd1391ade06482c68"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Advective balance in pipe-formed vortex rings","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Karim Shariff, Paul S. Krueger","submitted_at":"2017-12-16T04:29:33Z","abstract_excerpt":"Vorticity distributions in axisymmetric vortex rings produced by a piston-pipe apparatus are numerically studied over a range of Reynolds numbers, $\\mathrm{Re}$, and stroke-to-diameter ratios, $L/D$. It is found that a state of advective balance, such that $\\zeta \\equiv \\omega_\\phi/r \\approx F(\\psi, t)$, is achieved within the region (called the vortex ring bubble) enclosed by the dividing streamline. Here $\\zeta \\equiv\\omega_\\phi/r$ is the ratio of azimuthal vorticity to cylindrical radius, and $\\psi$ is the Stokes streamfunction in the frame of the ring. Some but not all of the $\\mathrm{Re}$"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.05903","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"4IXCtue8bzLPVdOXH466KXMQ+G7f2uLxVtpbRpuEhRbgBkE6Y9JHIM+U4rSt5Jthy/511UaVSx7EhDDrEu7DAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T00:58:54.942678Z"},"content_sha256":"a3c4c251181b714a79f47de70e8f5077bba7b565e9b3d18f4dd36d87b8428e0f","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a3c4c251181b714a79f47de70e8f5077bba7b565e9b3d18f4dd36d87b8428e0f"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-12T00:58:54Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:Q5GBAWYALQWLENEBJE2HB5QZY4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8e2518c8a659b0df1fd3b9fb39e9530719e4e315422593bc72f8ca0b99bd34a1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-16T04:29:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"3fcbb32fcf296519c87adfee4783c8da8c38f275dfb0db6906c00967d4ae6c3c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.05903","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1712.05903","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1712.05903v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1712.05903","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q5GBAWYALQWL","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q5GBAWYALQWLENEB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q5GBAWYA","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:a3c4c251181b714a79f47de70e8f5077bba7b565e9b3d18f4dd36d87b8428e0f","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Vorticity distributions in axisymmetric vortex rings produced by a piston-pipe apparatus are numerically studied over a range of Reynolds numbers, $\\mathrm{Re}$, and stroke-to-diameter ratios, $L/D$. It is found that a state of advective balance, such that $\\zeta \\equiv \\omega_\\phi/r \\approx F(\\psi, t)$, is achieved within the region (called the vortex ring bubble) enclosed by the dividing streamline. Here $\\zeta \\equiv\\omega_\\phi/r$ is the ratio of azimuthal vorticity to cylindrical radius, and $\\psi$ is the Stokes streamfunction in the frame of the ring. Some but not all of the $\\mathrm{Re}$","authors_text":"Karim Shariff, Paul S. Krueger","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-16T04:29:33Z","title":"Advective balance in pipe-formed vortex rings"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1712.05903","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a35a111bf2512844e2fd471cad82cb6e93ca4b539179856fd1391ade06482c68","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8e2518c8a659b0df1fd3b9fb39e9530719e4e315422593bc72f8ca0b99bd34a1","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2017-12-16T04:29:33Z","title_canon_sha256":"3fcbb32fcf296519c87adfee4783c8da8c38f275dfb0db6906c00967d4ae6c3c"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1712.05903","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"874c105b005c2cb23481493470f619c720687cbaf1c4d533c46ae38a0d1ff654","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"874c105b005c2cb23481493470f619c720687cbaf1c4d533c46ae38a0d1ff654","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51.561361Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51.561361Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"9E1et49L/q9ylFsaHFz0Vn3iNmh3iUmngOsv9Y7qqrmkqSEr0r//unjPQUHze+5QOucfhL3mqnTVeTrSrvULAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:27:51.561943Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1712.05903","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a35a111bf2512844e2fd471cad82cb6e93ca4b539179856fd1391ade06482c68","sha256:a3c4c251181b714a79f47de70e8f5077bba7b565e9b3d18f4dd36d87b8428e0f"],"state_sha256":"4bc0367c44850c591b440364c51d2f65db22e0eab9f3ff8ff8fe62c96b82dd2f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"gqAkt9BraCo6wCCfB4qU2BGS7ZT7uYe/HCpfhO3IfCf2OyGrlqnzwAqhsqZ9gqzTUaKQzGEa0Gh0ykj6wCMcCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-12T00:58:54.947251Z","bundle_sha256":"7429d90226b761ef6f1af45404deffa38bd9c49ee54dc1d854578f5bc451a524"}}