{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD","short_pith_number":"pith:Q7RKPWKM","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2012.00021","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-11-30T19:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"10a7febdf0cc28cf5acb7cfd4ed711b3ad528caea72c6de4f1dd7b05508fa438","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4a98a5638e0be9eda125fa8105b6b4a9e3cf847008d3a08d403d44e6cea0ed9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"87e2a7d94c0eaf2a60c8f2f4e9924b78c9dbdfb109828088375b280125a5641d","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2012.00021","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2012.00021","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2012.00021v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2012.00021","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q7RKPWKMB2XS","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q7RKPWKM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2012.00021","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-11-30T19:00:02Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"10a7febdf0cc28cf5acb7cfd4ed711b3ad528caea72c6de4f1dd7b05508fa438","abstract_canon_sha256":"a4a98a5638e0be9eda125fa8105b6b4a9e3cf847008d3a08d403d44e6cea0ed9"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"87e2a7d94c0eaf2a60c8f2f4e9924b78c9dbdfb109828088375b280125a5641d","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18.044095Z","signature_b64":"VfAtHOtw1qzEvwA8qp3qD68Mu4/yVB/ix6H5kWBG5oqwgMUd9wphlOiWx3NbLHNlGHjb6lMCbXfi6Jr7zRwxAA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"87e2a7d94c0eaf2a60c8f2f4e9924b78c9dbdfb109828088375b280125a5641d","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18.043701Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18.043701Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2012.00021","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"/bcqH5FuGSLdaEy83rl/4WAhszziWLCDMth8dXAEzZ4Ak6Nk4MKX25NLtHc+896q6qBO8iNkk2GakJG7QkPjAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T00:03:49.026324Z"},"content_sha256":"65110cee69487c0ce01fbd177174c1871f3cafe9ef969520d362d64a9716fc4c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:65110cee69487c0ce01fbd177174c1871f3cafe9ef969520d362d64a9716fc4c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2020:Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Cloud-by-cloud, multiphase, Bayesian modeling: Application to four weak, low ionization absorbers","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"Anand Narayanan, Bart P. Wakker, C. W. Churchill, G. G. Kacprzak, J. C. Charlton, J. M. Norris, M. Gebhardt, N. M. Nielsen, Philipp Richter, Sameer, S. Muzahid","submitted_at":"2020-11-30T19:00:02Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present a new method aimed at improving the efficiency of component by component ionization modeling of intervening quasar absorption line systems. We carry out cloud-by-cloud, multiphase modeling making use of CLOUDY and Bayesian methods to extract physical properties from an ensemble of absorption profiles. Here, as a demonstration of method, we focus on four weak, low ionization absorbers at low redshift, because they are multi-phase but relatively simple to constrain. We place errors on the inferred metallicities and ionization parameters for individual clouds, and show that the values "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2012.00021","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2012.00021/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"EB61PBtkgEsjnPzg/tr906dIpQ+ghGsl5La8su1oyb/VCOYaopVnrrO/MJIwp/xbcFXKa5Jx0QUUx2L1XQlZCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T00:03:49.027288Z"},"content_sha256":"2903d887948190241a7dcb75dfad4b19ba0653f2eb09c47e42b0d60e0c3a22c9","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:2903d887948190241a7dcb75dfad4b19ba0653f2eb09c47e42b0d60e0c3a22c9"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-13T00:03:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2020:Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI6L2OTESLPD","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4a98a5638e0be9eda125fa8105b6b4a9e3cf847008d3a08d403d44e6cea0ed9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-11-30T19:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"10a7febdf0cc28cf5acb7cfd4ed711b3ad528caea72c6de4f1dd7b05508fa438"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2012.00021","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2012.00021","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2012.00021v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2012.00021","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q7RKPWKMB2XS","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q7RKPWKMB2XSUYGI","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q7RKPWKM","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:2903d887948190241a7dcb75dfad4b19ba0653f2eb09c47e42b0d60e0c3a22c9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2012.00021/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present a new method aimed at improving the efficiency of component by component ionization modeling of intervening quasar absorption line systems. We carry out cloud-by-cloud, multiphase modeling making use of CLOUDY and Bayesian methods to extract physical properties from an ensemble of absorption profiles. Here, as a demonstration of method, we focus on four weak, low ionization absorbers at low redshift, because they are multi-phase but relatively simple to constrain. We place errors on the inferred metallicities and ionization parameters for individual clouds, and show that the values ","authors_text":"Anand Narayanan, Bart P. Wakker, C. W. Churchill, G. G. Kacprzak, J. C. Charlton, J. M. Norris, M. Gebhardt, N. M. Nielsen, Philipp Richter, Sameer, S. Muzahid","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-11-30T19:00:02Z","title":"Cloud-by-cloud, multiphase, Bayesian modeling: Application to four weak, low ionization absorbers"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2012.00021","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:65110cee69487c0ce01fbd177174c1871f3cafe9ef969520d362d64a9716fc4c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a4a98a5638e0be9eda125fa8105b6b4a9e3cf847008d3a08d403d44e6cea0ed9","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2020-11-30T19:00:02Z","title_canon_sha256":"10a7febdf0cc28cf5acb7cfd4ed711b3ad528caea72c6de4f1dd7b05508fa438"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2012.00021","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"87e2a7d94c0eaf2a60c8f2f4e9924b78c9dbdfb109828088375b280125a5641d","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"87e2a7d94c0eaf2a60c8f2f4e9924b78c9dbdfb109828088375b280125a5641d","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18.043701Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18.043701Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"VfAtHOtw1qzEvwA8qp3qD68Mu4/yVB/ix6H5kWBG5oqwgMUd9wphlOiWx3NbLHNlGHjb6lMCbXfi6Jr7zRwxAA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T02:01:18.044095Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2012.00021","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:65110cee69487c0ce01fbd177174c1871f3cafe9ef969520d362d64a9716fc4c","sha256:2903d887948190241a7dcb75dfad4b19ba0653f2eb09c47e42b0d60e0c3a22c9"],"state_sha256":"e7862a91cdb20eff841c6ad1505b841400a6cfe70f30c248cbd2a8a12c4561c6"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"tOV8bK1sAUqKihFDDyxqGnvrkeHbFQIcCjKW0iRT5APPcZlw632TBNBgtzPUc+ep6kyUDrmFu7QKL0ng0XBXBg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-13T00:03:49.035788Z","bundle_sha256":"868c5c5dd558833852f02af6caeb21bf7adcd0fb91a1fdce40b6d5a4599bd80a"}}