{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG","short_pith_number":"pith:Q7S5RESR","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.15209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-06-21T14:51:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e8491b4d3ffcfbb16d671228dad9ea75624ea7126bcfbf3cf8b4b27501e243c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"8a3dc805aa4af344600e623c4f87a61b93ecfa143840d9893208a0db51056741"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"87e5d892514246691e62dd3f4abec99992b4f7ba5b55cb311308b8881764d61c","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2406.15209","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.15209","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.15209v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.15209","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q7S5RESRIJDG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q7S5RESR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2406.15209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-06-21T14:51:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"e8491b4d3ffcfbb16d671228dad9ea75624ea7126bcfbf3cf8b4b27501e243c7","abstract_canon_sha256":"8a3dc805aa4af344600e623c4f87a61b93ecfa143840d9893208a0db51056741"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"87e5d892514246691e62dd3f4abec99992b4f7ba5b55cb311308b8881764d61c","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15.566490Z","signature_b64":"1exDuL42LaKNMlG6Hmu/efQNomtWSomT97VdHjnL82SGoV0PcvKWuWWGcTxydlv57xR6IOLPv38yUv1a88BABw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"87e5d892514246691e62dd3f4abec99992b4f7ba5b55cb311308b8881764d61c","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15.565957Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15.565957Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2406.15209","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"q0WMg9Qmx8qIYMqwkdXVMvVy2tS1bW/ZJEnsj8/CAjq/76MZBSwzBQPc1xeS2tTPD/cPOuLx9iDDJlT0UFBKAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:11:02.524727Z"},"content_sha256":"3a24f5fed72f7ce2af6db01790b84bf37957925cf2d553b8772b65fc8806539c","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:3a24f5fed72f7ce2af6db01790b84bf37957925cf2d553b8772b65fc8806539c"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2024:Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Prompting Whisper for QA-driven Zero-shot End-to-end Spoken Language Understanding","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"eess.AS","authors_text":"Mohan Li, Rama Doddipatla, Simon Keizer","submitted_at":"2024-06-21T14:51:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"Zero-shot spoken language understanding (SLU) enables systems to comprehend user utterances in new domains without prior exposure to training data. Recent studies often rely on large language models (LLMs), leading to excessive footprints and complexity. This paper proposes the use of Whisper, a standalone speech processing model, for zero-shot end-to-end (E2E) SLU. To handle unseen semantic labels, SLU tasks are integrated into a question-answering (QA) framework, which prompts the Whisper decoder for semantics deduction. The system is efficiently trained with prefix-tuning, optimising a mini"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.15209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2406.15209/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"1rezTqNymnvBnzS0TZE9YhM+Ew6lEm2v0N6ZtiKK/HJFdqtdJ/QYOdTH5eNPpr+OdXa/UpkgvtUtNrU9SXhgBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:11:02.525304Z"},"content_sha256":"91c0afe2039eb84927099ff91b9a824fd8677f024de9cd22dc5170844a833cfc","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:91c0afe2039eb84927099ff91b9a824fd8677f024de9cd22dc5170844a833cfc"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-05T23:11:02Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2024:Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC3U7UVPWJTG","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8a3dc805aa4af344600e623c4f87a61b93ecfa143840d9893208a0db51056741","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-06-21T14:51:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"e8491b4d3ffcfbb16d671228dad9ea75624ea7126bcfbf3cf8b4b27501e243c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2406.15209","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2406.15209","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2406.15209v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2406.15209","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"Q7S5RESRIJDG","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"Q7S5RESRIJDGSHTC","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"Q7S5RESR","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:91c0afe2039eb84927099ff91b9a824fd8677f024de9cd22dc5170844a833cfc","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2406.15209/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Zero-shot spoken language understanding (SLU) enables systems to comprehend user utterances in new domains without prior exposure to training data. Recent studies often rely on large language models (LLMs), leading to excessive footprints and complexity. This paper proposes the use of Whisper, a standalone speech processing model, for zero-shot end-to-end (E2E) SLU. To handle unseen semantic labels, SLU tasks are integrated into a question-answering (QA) framework, which prompts the Whisper decoder for semantics deduction. The system is efficiently trained with prefix-tuning, optimising a mini","authors_text":"Mohan Li, Rama Doddipatla, Simon Keizer","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-06-21T14:51:32Z","title":"Prompting Whisper for QA-driven Zero-shot End-to-end Spoken Language Understanding"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2406.15209","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:3a24f5fed72f7ce2af6db01790b84bf37957925cf2d553b8772b65fc8806539c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"8a3dc805aa4af344600e623c4f87a61b93ecfa143840d9893208a0db51056741","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/","primary_cat":"eess.AS","submitted_at":"2024-06-21T14:51:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"e8491b4d3ffcfbb16d671228dad9ea75624ea7126bcfbf3cf8b4b27501e243c7"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2406.15209","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"87e5d892514246691e62dd3f4abec99992b4f7ba5b55cb311308b8881764d61c","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"87e5d892514246691e62dd3f4abec99992b4f7ba5b55cb311308b8881764d61c","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15.565957Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15.565957Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"1exDuL42LaKNMlG6Hmu/efQNomtWSomT97VdHjnL82SGoV0PcvKWuWWGcTxydlv57xR6IOLPv38yUv1a88BABw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T08:35:15.566490Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2406.15209","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:3a24f5fed72f7ce2af6db01790b84bf37957925cf2d553b8772b65fc8806539c","sha256:91c0afe2039eb84927099ff91b9a824fd8677f024de9cd22dc5170844a833cfc"],"state_sha256":"e8155dc7cd7689c7f46f301c370e6fa6a2ed5cdb06f9a1dc926ccadc342689bf"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"c4CtLZYSQPHEBqGMvu/kkRJ7W9VyKO62umSIqPctaun+Fd4uGx+Af0RRfHIx37NsNSc/9JJ9F7Ix/g/Ey9fyCA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-05T23:11:02.529242Z","bundle_sha256":"68c3dcef3d3b66dc7ca248c2c2169ea1ca2e442f2a5ffe834b85b64f644faf9a"}}