{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2025:QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES","short_pith_number":"pith:QB75VQXD","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"807fdac2e3c85be29940cf7ce76b6824a1f17302e86ed03d3b8cefa3ab0bc550","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2509.06902","version":1},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.DB","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Aivin V. Solatorio","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T17:20:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) as stochastic systems may generate numbers that deviate from available data, a failure known as \\emph{numeric hallucination}. Existing safeguards -- retrieval-augmented generation, citations, and uncertainty estimation -- improve transparency but cannot guarantee fidelity: fabricated or misquoted values may still be displayed as if correct. We propose \\textbf{Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN)}, a presentation-layer protocol that enforces numeric fidelity through mechanical verification. Under PCN, numeric spans are emitted as \\emph{claim-bound tokens} tied to structured"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2509.06902","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CL","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T17:20:16Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.CR","cs.DB","cs.LG"],"title_canon_sha256":"c4c45ced1505124d351ae902e6dc6110bdd60eb85dd3e7e7ea10f736379c0461","abstract_canon_sha256":"8118ba3bea1dd64a48d05fe4c3b4690624adfa3f096af4bec6c8090b056e5805"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.799104Z","signature_b64":"O12vubsvzV3kcPY+aanKDoxsLe27MSY0QKjO+qAW1qk/QrDmHQEeE2Nm0FmF1hiSdLkcK/IlhVzj2jV7gLBDDg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"807fdac2e3c85be29940cf7ce76b6824a1f17302e86ed03d3b8cefa3ab0bc550","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798733Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798733Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN): A Protocol for Trustworthy Numeric Answers from LLMs via Claim Verification","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.CR","cs.DB","cs.LG"],"primary_cat":"cs.CL","authors_text":"Aivin V. Solatorio","submitted_at":"2025-09-08T17:20:16Z","abstract_excerpt":"Large Language Models (LLMs) as stochastic systems may generate numbers that deviate from available data, a failure known as \\emph{numeric hallucination}. Existing safeguards -- retrieval-augmented generation, citations, and uncertainty estimation -- improve transparency but cannot guarantee fidelity: fabricated or misquoted values may still be displayed as if correct. We propose \\textbf{Proof-Carrying Numbers (PCN)}, a presentation-layer protocol that enforces numeric fidelity through mechanical verification. Under PCN, numeric spans are emitted as \\emph{claim-bound tokens} tied to structured"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2509.06902","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2509.06902/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2509.06902","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798790+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2509.06902v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798790+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2509.06902","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798790+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QB75VQXDZBN6","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798790+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QB75VQXDZBN6FGKA","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798790+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QB75VQXD","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798790+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":0,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES","json":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/QB75VQXD"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/QB75VQXD","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2509.06902&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/QB75VQXDZBN6FGKAZ56OO23IES/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798790+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T12:06:54.798790+00:00"}