{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX","short_pith_number":"pith:QC5WMTFY","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.07348","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2021-02-15T05:17:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2255f1289b10c971038de8a0d364735947de5efb42cf218c3dd25582206edff5","abstract_canon_sha256":"eb75b19db942165739a3ffe524206f811843f91323530e24c6c55b2c4ebfc36a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80bb664cb8a1d58077a855e58e51f945e37ccd0f31973e1ddba9d06384ddbbed","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2102.07348","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.07348","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.07348v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.07348","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QC5WMTFYUHKY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QC5WMTFYUHKYA55I","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QC5WMTFY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2102.07348","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2021-02-15T05:17:11Z","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"2255f1289b10c971038de8a0d364735947de5efb42cf218c3dd25582206edff5","abstract_canon_sha256":"eb75b19db942165739a3ffe524206f811843f91323530e24c6c55b2c4ebfc36a"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80bb664cb8a1d58077a855e58e51f945e37ccd0f31973e1ddba9d06384ddbbed","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15.502497Z","signature_b64":"dZuj7uePILkXMl6abxSQB0u0ej+hlCUKfvlJVJ2L/Fx2YXleW7+1iAdaWGjctX7Sm5braYinZZinpJvnB8uACg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"80bb664cb8a1d58077a855e58e51f945e37ccd0f31973e1ddba9d06384ddbbed","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15.502102Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15.502102Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2102.07348","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"mNMLDPb1HNwZhTVZr6l0USiaG0Rz26Ep+mpvJ/h7u6h2QhxN0iDZstmQjk/oT3dTTIRmWfq3acW5NuGDjn/oCw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:59:14.538359Z"},"content_sha256":"cda8bc04389f4d33555ad0e6376c2c6c81410c8293f58617f1a97fd68e8eeac7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:cda8bc04389f4d33555ad0e6376c2c6c81410c8293f58617f1a97fd68e8eeac7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2021:QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Lower Bound on Irreversibility in Thermal Relaxation of Open Quantum Systems","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","authors_text":"Tan Van Vu, Yoshihiko Hasegawa","submitted_at":"2021-02-15T05:17:11Z","abstract_excerpt":"We consider thermal relaxation process of a quantum system attached to a single or multiple reservoirs. Quantifying the degree of irreversibility by entropy production, we prove that the irreversibility of the thermal relaxation is lower-bounded by a relative entropy between the unitarily-evolved state and the final state. The bound characterizes the state discrepancy induced by the non-unitary dynamics, thus reflecting the dissipative nature of irreversibility. Intriguingly, the bound can be evaluated solely in terms of the initial and final states and the system Hamiltonian; hence, providing"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.07348","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2102.07348/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"k1BnOEnGWafkoaU4QGfY6M5xP7ulwVyqdEGA3TG6fHOWAkIPRmsQKXszCr31omx+wTm5h3flfsC7coj9MplPAA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:59:14.538887Z"},"content_sha256":"d91943b39eb07c0dfa9fc29ffd1a9550c7502330051905dffd129928ef6e47c4","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:d91943b39eb07c0dfa9fc29ffd1a9550c7502330051905dffd129928ef6e47c4"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-06T14:59:14Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2021:QC5WMTFYUHKYA55IKXSY4UPZIX","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb75b19db942165739a3ffe524206f811843f91323530e24c6c55b2c4ebfc36a","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2021-02-15T05:17:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"2255f1289b10c971038de8a0d364735947de5efb42cf218c3dd25582206edff5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.07348","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2102.07348","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2102.07348v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2102.07348","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QC5WMTFYUHKY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QC5WMTFYUHKYA55I","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QC5WMTFY","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:d91943b39eb07c0dfa9fc29ffd1a9550c7502330051905dffd129928ef6e47c4","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2102.07348/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We consider thermal relaxation process of a quantum system attached to a single or multiple reservoirs. Quantifying the degree of irreversibility by entropy production, we prove that the irreversibility of the thermal relaxation is lower-bounded by a relative entropy between the unitarily-evolved state and the final state. The bound characterizes the state discrepancy induced by the non-unitary dynamics, thus reflecting the dissipative nature of irreversibility. Intriguingly, the bound can be evaluated solely in terms of the initial and final states and the system Hamiltonian; hence, providing","authors_text":"Tan Van Vu, Yoshihiko Hasegawa","cross_cats":["quant-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2021-02-15T05:17:11Z","title":"Lower Bound on Irreversibility in Thermal Relaxation of Open Quantum Systems"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2102.07348","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:cda8bc04389f4d33555ad0e6376c2c6c81410c8293f58617f1a97fd68e8eeac7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"eb75b19db942165739a3ffe524206f811843f91323530e24c6c55b2c4ebfc36a","cross_cats_sorted":["quant-ph"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.stat-mech","submitted_at":"2021-02-15T05:17:11Z","title_canon_sha256":"2255f1289b10c971038de8a0d364735947de5efb42cf218c3dd25582206edff5"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2102.07348","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"80bb664cb8a1d58077a855e58e51f945e37ccd0f31973e1ddba9d06384ddbbed","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"80bb664cb8a1d58077a855e58e51f945e37ccd0f31973e1ddba9d06384ddbbed","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15.502102Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15.502102Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"dZuj7uePILkXMl6abxSQB0u0ej+hlCUKfvlJVJ2L/Fx2YXleW7+1iAdaWGjctX7Sm5braYinZZinpJvnB8uACg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T03:29:15.502497Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2102.07348","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:cda8bc04389f4d33555ad0e6376c2c6c81410c8293f58617f1a97fd68e8eeac7","sha256:d91943b39eb07c0dfa9fc29ffd1a9550c7502330051905dffd129928ef6e47c4"],"state_sha256":"beb3faaecfaf47796068e080f986800532293d75d86e11677917e0c5465888ef"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"8igvBQhozOqvQEAor65nT+wzSGnoG0dIniWe4cZTwwc6Rt5AbrbigmD193omII8rhx2eELbUOTWzcqm81YtyBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-06T14:59:14.545259Z","bundle_sha256":"9e3c10ee34e3b0c2f204327fcc4bd3eeecc11e952db4db08e3006aa767689b69"}}