{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY","short_pith_number":"pith:QCKYWZXV","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612012","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-01T20:57:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1c492de47713fa7b1619f9374163ea8a1c240205171f442378445abdbce5a4ac","abstract_canon_sha256":"35bef233c10bb33014b6345290db2f7b41572bdcd0a708e26c1cb45b537d07eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80958b66f57fd078f1255c8c96b9828623079557686fe5446403b117edff1c55","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9612012","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9612012","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9612012v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9612012","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QCKYWZXVP7IH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QCKYWZXV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612012","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-01T20:57:34Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"1c492de47713fa7b1619f9374163ea8a1c240205171f442378445abdbce5a4ac","abstract_canon_sha256":"35bef233c10bb33014b6345290db2f7b41572bdcd0a708e26c1cb45b537d07eb"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80958b66f57fd078f1255c8c96b9828623079557686fe5446403b117edff1c55","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.522819Z","signature_b64":"rmT0MRpxmApshWK0ik4xGLHSYDdPApbbV9vNm1QTsHJYEq0zOCbmbwsixFrEiuczjPgotLLXtnLaMxijkkPuBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"80958b66f57fd078f1255c8c96b9828623079557686fe5446403b117edff1c55","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.522311Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.522311Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9612012","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FbSTI0X2EhJtHEng/2JLnswhgSnMZjJPkd3a14E0Jhdl8taf/tYz2Z8OPcymd9rQS0+dobfBTQB3PGfz8B0wDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T08:51:31.868977Z"},"content_sha256":"9c6934198f3c1015e3cc3d5cf8011e72228388b6c9f513f21fd070013787e662","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9c6934198f3c1015e3cc3d5cf8011e72228388b6c9f513f21fd070013787e662"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1996:QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Evolution of the Cosmic Gas and the Relic Supernova Neutrino Background","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"Robert A. Malaney","submitted_at":"1996-12-01T20:57:34Z","abstract_excerpt":"Using the redshift evolution of the cosmic gas, as inferred from QSO absorption line studies, we calculate the past supernova rate and the relic supernova neutrino background. Using this new technique we find the predicted relic neutrino flux at low energies to be at least an order of magnitude below previous estimates. We argue that the evolution of the cosmic gas is consistent with a large decrease in the number of early-type galaxies at redshifts $\\sim 3$, and that this evolution is the source of the reduction in the predicted neutrino flux. Additional observational constraints from recent "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612012","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2sOHi3wjqiHCjkpDgaQwJ06E/5ruL7jSrGvJSOAG/oNxjvDNX0VKAj0Oh0zXPicij+6v+Z/2HguHeSI2q+6ICA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T08:51:31.869527Z"},"content_sha256":"68c5fc4da599974967481011280616931f71ca2fa0481fa665d66dfede934e2d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:68c5fc4da599974967481011280616931f71ca2fa0481fa665d66dfede934e2d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-05T08:51:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1996:QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JFLSGJNOMCQY","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"35bef233c10bb33014b6345290db2f7b41572bdcd0a708e26c1cb45b537d07eb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-01T20:57:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"1c492de47713fa7b1619f9374163ea8a1c240205171f442378445abdbce5a4ac"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612012","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9612012","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9612012v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9612012","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QCKYWZXVP7IH","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QCKYWZXVP7IHR4JF","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QCKYWZXV","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:68c5fc4da599974967481011280616931f71ca2fa0481fa665d66dfede934e2d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Using the redshift evolution of the cosmic gas, as inferred from QSO absorption line studies, we calculate the past supernova rate and the relic supernova neutrino background. Using this new technique we find the predicted relic neutrino flux at low energies to be at least an order of magnitude below previous estimates. We argue that the evolution of the cosmic gas is consistent with a large decrease in the number of early-type galaxies at redshifts $\\sim 3$, and that this evolution is the source of the reduction in the predicted neutrino flux. Additional observational constraints from recent ","authors_text":"Robert A. Malaney","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-01T20:57:34Z","title":"Evolution of the Cosmic Gas and the Relic Supernova Neutrino Background"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612012","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9c6934198f3c1015e3cc3d5cf8011e72228388b6c9f513f21fd070013787e662","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"35bef233c10bb33014b6345290db2f7b41572bdcd0a708e26c1cb45b537d07eb","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1996-12-01T20:57:34Z","title_canon_sha256":"1c492de47713fa7b1619f9374163ea8a1c240205171f442378445abdbce5a4ac"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9612012","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"80958b66f57fd078f1255c8c96b9828623079557686fe5446403b117edff1c55","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"80958b66f57fd078f1255c8c96b9828623079557686fe5446403b117edff1c55","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.522311Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.522311Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"rmT0MRpxmApshWK0ik4xGLHSYDdPApbbV9vNm1QTsHJYEq0zOCbmbwsixFrEiuczjPgotLLXtnLaMxijkkPuBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T04:21:40.522819Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9612012","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9c6934198f3c1015e3cc3d5cf8011e72228388b6c9f513f21fd070013787e662","sha256:68c5fc4da599974967481011280616931f71ca2fa0481fa665d66dfede934e2d"],"state_sha256":"297376ab31e1b842ae3eb8d05fd27f4aafd4a0ba9005b6e3f1a150b7bfdff353"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"R99GLp9u7zfBmeYdUJfQlWtQstCBoVrkzpgUCNvvQDy7hVy89HdEhh74PtpOhBrz2u59zLh99RDqRKqLv4PGBA==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-05T08:51:31.872979Z","bundle_sha256":"1204645abb842e8ef260e9f3a403faa5880eaf5446ab81435d92bb4e9ed72714"}}