{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X","short_pith_number":"pith:QCTXVFPE","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.02313","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:39:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0b30c581b4c8f84c90e50be7a87362479f28eb0b197a3702938f9c7aec8cc048","abstract_canon_sha256":"0b1bd675519cdcf906ad4bbca619570b6da1a94872f1af918e1ae151abed6eb6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80a77a95e43cf754bd8fbb2b42447fddc6252b16eda28c444b6e3ef4beec2b8e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1604.02313","version":5},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.02313","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.02313v5","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.02313","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QCTXVFPEHT3V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QCTXVFPE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1604.02313","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:39:31Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"0b30c581b4c8f84c90e50be7a87362479f28eb0b197a3702938f9c7aec8cc048","abstract_canon_sha256":"0b1bd675519cdcf906ad4bbca619570b6da1a94872f1af918e1ae151abed6eb6"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80a77a95e43cf754bd8fbb2b42447fddc6252b16eda28c444b6e3ef4beec2b8e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37.446272Z","signature_b64":"I8MU4qVINzdoIHQbih61Y7dTaQrhLY4NyNebL/1YNFvABks7lx8IXeLbmCHKlmYh0Jb9LM8xZepscLri3z4QAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"80a77a95e43cf754bd8fbb2b42447fddc6252b16eda28c444b6e3ef4beec2b8e","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37.445587Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37.445587Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1604.02313","source_version":5,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qSGIPI1Aqa9GQsH4FEfZs7847qbKhWohkPGaiPzvNOcG+rgHoV1e7162kx+DC4azvMaZCDRnT5avQNGO50j/Cw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T11:49:46.889393Z"},"content_sha256":"7c4babf715fd9a3016d5b0a83a8ab0bec9207ea662e0f235aa027623d2c8bfba","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7c4babf715fd9a3016d5b0a83a8ab0bec9207ea662e0f235aa027623d2c8bfba"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2016:QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Norm-preserving Orthogonal Permutation Linear Unit Activation Functions (OPLU)","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"cs.NE","authors_text":"Artem Chernodub, Dimitri Nowicki","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:39:31Z","abstract_excerpt":"We propose a novel activation function that implements piece-wise orthogonal non-linear mappings based on permutations. It is straightforward to implement, and very computationally efficient, also it has little memory requirements. We tested it on two toy problems for feedforward and recurrent networks, it shows similar performance to tanh and ReLU. OPLU activation function ensures norm preservance of the backpropagated gradients, therefore it is potentially good for the training of deep, extra deep, and recurrent neural networks."},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.02313","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"xrsjtgsBfp1d0l4m3B4NV6vOLka6w7rzjdgkYla39/2F63u0ZaY3NCgZrCciAFdVQcDWcE34dU82i6b52D8yDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T11:49:46.889731Z"},"content_sha256":"5f406a43511d29fc193999a1dafa968e5eed7044722d73b1ac7baa36d993c27d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:5f406a43511d29fc193999a1dafa968e5eed7044722d73b1ac7baa36d993c27d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-03T11:49:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMPXMVUERD73X","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0b1bd675519cdcf906ad4bbca619570b6da1a94872f1af918e1ae151abed6eb6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:39:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"0b30c581b4c8f84c90e50be7a87362479f28eb0b197a3702938f9c7aec8cc048"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.02313","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1604.02313","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1604.02313v5","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1604.02313","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QCTXVFPEHT3V","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QCTXVFPEHT3VJPMP","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QCTXVFPE","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:5f406a43511d29fc193999a1dafa968e5eed7044722d73b1ac7baa36d993c27d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We propose a novel activation function that implements piece-wise orthogonal non-linear mappings based on permutations. It is straightforward to implement, and very computationally efficient, also it has little memory requirements. We tested it on two toy problems for feedforward and recurrent networks, it shows similar performance to tanh and ReLU. OPLU activation function ensures norm preservance of the backpropagated gradients, therefore it is potentially good for the training of deep, extra deep, and recurrent neural networks.","authors_text":"Artem Chernodub, Dimitri Nowicki","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:39:31Z","title":"Norm-preserving Orthogonal Permutation Linear Unit Activation Functions (OPLU)"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1604.02313","kind":"arxiv","version":5},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7c4babf715fd9a3016d5b0a83a8ab0bec9207ea662e0f235aa027623d2c8bfba","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"0b1bd675519cdcf906ad4bbca619570b6da1a94872f1af918e1ae151abed6eb6","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.NE","submitted_at":"2016-04-08T11:39:31Z","title_canon_sha256":"0b30c581b4c8f84c90e50be7a87362479f28eb0b197a3702938f9c7aec8cc048"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1604.02313","kind":"arxiv","version":5}},"canonical_sha256":"80a77a95e43cf754bd8fbb2b42447fddc6252b16eda28c444b6e3ef4beec2b8e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"80a77a95e43cf754bd8fbb2b42447fddc6252b16eda28c444b6e3ef4beec2b8e","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37.445587Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37.445587Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"I8MU4qVINzdoIHQbih61Y7dTaQrhLY4NyNebL/1YNFvABks7lx8IXeLbmCHKlmYh0Jb9LM8xZepscLri3z4QAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:51:37.446272Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1604.02313","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":5}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7c4babf715fd9a3016d5b0a83a8ab0bec9207ea662e0f235aa027623d2c8bfba","sha256:5f406a43511d29fc193999a1dafa968e5eed7044722d73b1ac7baa36d993c27d"],"state_sha256":"c6791fd16d091d1741e24eb1b7c27268355e0647b1cfc7d677cf77bec5d17b15"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"T6hBUBATFPujvinIBMWNW5XQadYc/ZUyvSmiXaBcHpCyGRAtNNi8wMg6lGlTYa16JGI42aNVj7e2WbwyrsYKDQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-03T11:49:46.891583Z","bundle_sha256":"72f13c3a5580d7e95b375b53ea1c2f0792e6f8dca22146bd31d8b5d60290b63b"}}