{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB","short_pith_number":"pith:QCWA4THN","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.01128","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2017-01-04T19:18:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"title_canon_sha256":"532861c38968ad1e055221de03094f25b9e3e7ef540e904b672f6aef0d9119fc","abstract_canon_sha256":"97bc46f8602eebd65a9b7d6f170c0a26527cf542cac762b0323e3a75ed276ddf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80ac0e4ced1add2f83c4636870bd55a84c5cdde901273f99af6db71ca43fd9cb","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1701.01128","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.01128","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.01128v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.01128","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QCWA4THNDLOS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QCWA4THNDLOS7A6E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QCWA4THN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1701.01128","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2017-01-04T19:18:35Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"title_canon_sha256":"532861c38968ad1e055221de03094f25b9e3e7ef540e904b672f6aef0d9119fc","abstract_canon_sha256":"97bc46f8602eebd65a9b7d6f170c0a26527cf542cac762b0323e3a75ed276ddf"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80ac0e4ced1add2f83c4636870bd55a84c5cdde901273f99af6db71ca43fd9cb","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20.343008Z","signature_b64":"4J28EwB1GGt1NwETn5EzFgJOFTb2mgb1VmPmMN0va00354LIjz3ToHOzI916lVWP6XFFLxGsX6AzP5h7ZyamBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"80ac0e4ced1add2f83c4636870bd55a84c5cdde901273f99af6db71ca43fd9cb","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20.342407Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20.342407Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1701.01128","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ArvcWYGqqsBtBVcRUoZnidm6WEWGVu4pRaLkyzI6Hs0EC5SN2C++4aGDEZVv/TDaL21i+fxTyWY9Yyv6lmtdDQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T02:13:46.588947Z"},"content_sha256":"7b46c76d0adcc36789605a677158b8106e47f48a6dd6f1f91bfd13a0a7a86069","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:7b46c76d0adcc36789605a677158b8106e47f48a6dd6f1f91bfd13a0a7a86069"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2017:QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Ferroelectric or non-ferroelectric: why so many materials exhibit ferroelectricity on the nanoscale","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","authors_text":"Nina Balke, Peter Maksymovych, Rama K. Vasudevan, Sergei V. Kalinin, Stephen Jesse","submitted_at":"2017-01-04T19:18:35Z","abstract_excerpt":"Ferroelectric materials have remained one of the foci of condensed matter physics and materials science for over 50 years. In the last 20 years, the development of voltage-modulated scanning probe microscopy techniques, exemplified by Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and associated time and voltage spectroscopies, opened a pathway to explore these materials on a single-digit nanometer level. Consequently, domain structures, walls and polarization dynamics can now be imaged in real space. More generally, PFM has allowed studying electromechanical coupling in a broad variety of materials ran"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.01128","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"yzrupng8F/ktbmQ55y8elVcuA5hCqbNKzcEIyFKD2Zq2ExJQxieb/kaafbKscchbxbhm0g70PI5AkBEdSI0rAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T02:13:46.589595Z"},"content_sha256":"4ba1b0241ba2b72bbb2e41293ae042f97ad2c6871e724c9bf2b15770ce41f09e","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:4ba1b0241ba2b72bbb2e41293ae042f97ad2c6871e724c9bf2b15770ce41f09e"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-19T02:13:46Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2017:QCWA4THNDLOS7A6EMNUHBPKVVB","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"97bc46f8602eebd65a9b7d6f170c0a26527cf542cac762b0323e3a75ed276ddf","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2017-01-04T19:18:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"532861c38968ad1e055221de03094f25b9e3e7ef540e904b672f6aef0d9119fc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.01128","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1701.01128","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1701.01128v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1701.01128","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QCWA4THNDLOS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QCWA4THNDLOS7A6E","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QCWA4THN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:31:37Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:4ba1b0241ba2b72bbb2e41293ae042f97ad2c6871e724c9bf2b15770ce41f09e","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Ferroelectric materials have remained one of the foci of condensed matter physics and materials science for over 50 years. In the last 20 years, the development of voltage-modulated scanning probe microscopy techniques, exemplified by Piezoresponse force microscopy (PFM) and associated time and voltage spectroscopies, opened a pathway to explore these materials on a single-digit nanometer level. Consequently, domain structures, walls and polarization dynamics can now be imaged in real space. More generally, PFM has allowed studying electromechanical coupling in a broad variety of materials ran","authors_text":"Nina Balke, Peter Maksymovych, Rama K. Vasudevan, Sergei V. Kalinin, Stephen Jesse","cross_cats":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2017-01-04T19:18:35Z","title":"Ferroelectric or non-ferroelectric: why so many materials exhibit ferroelectricity on the nanoscale"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1701.01128","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:7b46c76d0adcc36789605a677158b8106e47f48a6dd6f1f91bfd13a0a7a86069","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"97bc46f8602eebd65a9b7d6f170c0a26527cf542cac762b0323e3a75ed276ddf","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.mes-hall"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cond-mat.mtrl-sci","submitted_at":"2017-01-04T19:18:35Z","title_canon_sha256":"532861c38968ad1e055221de03094f25b9e3e7ef540e904b672f6aef0d9119fc"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1701.01128","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"80ac0e4ced1add2f83c4636870bd55a84c5cdde901273f99af6db71ca43fd9cb","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"80ac0e4ced1add2f83c4636870bd55a84c5cdde901273f99af6db71ca43fd9cb","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20.342407Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20.342407Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"4J28EwB1GGt1NwETn5EzFgJOFTb2mgb1VmPmMN0va00354LIjz3ToHOzI916lVWP6XFFLxGsX6AzP5h7ZyamBA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:53:20.343008Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1701.01128","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:7b46c76d0adcc36789605a677158b8106e47f48a6dd6f1f91bfd13a0a7a86069","sha256:4ba1b0241ba2b72bbb2e41293ae042f97ad2c6871e724c9bf2b15770ce41f09e"],"state_sha256":"2267791d5a3d4481fa201c38981b51567d65ec28007ac9804b492fd26458bb7f"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"zUWrHxzMDYyZiAojiFo7OIno8I5BFvFhkdjPnrgETu7wcUJzF+OeeNrUiPqwoO8TFVBrZtpWfad1ku3Lj4CKBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-19T02:13:46.591573Z","bundle_sha256":"14d9ce59e2984ef3798e6876e784948ed5342a5c1790a3fd2dcf8fbf120fb5bc"}}