{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO","short_pith_number":"pith:QDCF6WHZ","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0808.1451","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2008-08-11T06:33:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"title_canon_sha256":"68c034a5cd9d7a5e1d3fa64416fb78f4f9cc426081874a1835edb9e561ca8632","abstract_canon_sha256":"e47bdc6841692ee11195bb33fcd7bd929be1010a5209860b6568941842d1cbca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80c45f58f96474c7f9bce75684eb428bb81d29854d3c9425912c4ac7a5cc5556","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"0808.1451","version":4},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0808.1451","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0808.1451v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0808.1451","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QDCF6WHZMR2M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QDCF6WHZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"0808.1451","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2008-08-11T06:33:42Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"title_canon_sha256":"68c034a5cd9d7a5e1d3fa64416fb78f4f9cc426081874a1835edb9e561ca8632","abstract_canon_sha256":"e47bdc6841692ee11195bb33fcd7bd929be1010a5209860b6568941842d1cbca"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80c45f58f96474c7f9bce75684eb428bb81d29854d3c9425912c4ac7a5cc5556","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43.476215Z","signature_b64":"hewF38DWt/TeALCyizN7pg99/ngzbPOfSGciKsdqqU5F6Zjz3FQ9mo4MsoFaXk80dlGRF9JjnnE6OS6kU33/DQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"80c45f58f96474c7f9bce75684eb428bb81d29854d3c9425912c4ac7a5cc5556","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43.475682Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43.475682Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"0808.1451","source_version":4,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"hmvb3FjmE5KXEXUaUuMvrcFm3dGtq0Mlr6MQGhVIuUQHzGy8WNuyW7hZJIEIAEus4YRfwZbv0YTN8STDhKYeAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T13:55:55.471255Z"},"content_sha256":"a32b462b1d00b0bfceb39a119dba0ef43a01f21beb66b246d0b6d93ee4b5f6e7","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a32b462b1d00b0bfceb39a119dba0ef43a01f21beb66b246d0b6d93ee4b5f6e7"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2008:QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The friction factor of two-dimensional rough-boundary turbulent soap film flows","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Nicholas Guttenberg, Nigel Goldenfeld","submitted_at":"2008-08-11T06:33:42Z","abstract_excerpt":"We use momentum transfer arguments to predict the friction factor $f$ in two-dimensional turbulent soap-film flows with rough boundaries (an analogue of three-dimensional pipe flow) as a function of Reynolds number Re and roughness $r$, considering separately the inverse energy cascade and the forward enstrophy cascade. At intermediate Re, we predict a Blasius-like friction factor scaling of $f\\propto\\textrm{Re}^{-1/2}$ in flows dominated by the enstrophy cascade, distinct from the energy cascade scaling of $\\textrm{Re}^{-1/4}$. For large Re, $f \\sim r$ in the enstrophy-dominated case. We use "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0808.1451","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kN9VK9rZLlUiJkwJ9eGYUiKMwzlmXNTrAr5dmwb17J+FD/iQH86NAofZKDldl/L3cauYBBR0i94243OmFwcrBQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T13:55:55.471626Z"},"content_sha256":"91103d1c45eba77f05faa1bf441ee9d31d56e0a94207c7f826ec99bb47eaa893","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:91103d1c45eba77f05faa1bf441ee9d31d56e0a94207c7f826ec99bb47eaa893"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-03T13:55:55Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2008:QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N445LIJ22CRO","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e47bdc6841692ee11195bb33fcd7bd929be1010a5209860b6568941842d1cbca","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2008-08-11T06:33:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"68c034a5cd9d7a5e1d3fa64416fb78f4f9cc426081874a1835edb9e561ca8632"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0808.1451","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"0808.1451","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"0808.1451v4","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.0808.1451","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QDCF6WHZMR2M","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QDCF6WHZMR2MP6N4","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QDCF6WHZ","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:57Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:91103d1c45eba77f05faa1bf441ee9d31d56e0a94207c7f826ec99bb47eaa893","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We use momentum transfer arguments to predict the friction factor $f$ in two-dimensional turbulent soap-film flows with rough boundaries (an analogue of three-dimensional pipe flow) as a function of Reynolds number Re and roughness $r$, considering separately the inverse energy cascade and the forward enstrophy cascade. At intermediate Re, we predict a Blasius-like friction factor scaling of $f\\propto\\textrm{Re}^{-1/2}$ in flows dominated by the enstrophy cascade, distinct from the energy cascade scaling of $\\textrm{Re}^{-1/4}$. For large Re, $f \\sim r$ in the enstrophy-dominated case. We use ","authors_text":"Nicholas Guttenberg, Nigel Goldenfeld","cross_cats":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2008-08-11T06:33:42Z","title":"The friction factor of two-dimensional rough-boundary turbulent soap film flows"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"0808.1451","kind":"arxiv","version":4},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a32b462b1d00b0bfceb39a119dba0ef43a01f21beb66b246d0b6d93ee4b5f6e7","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"e47bdc6841692ee11195bb33fcd7bd929be1010a5209860b6568941842d1cbca","cross_cats_sorted":["cond-mat.stat-mech","nlin.CD"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2008-08-11T06:33:42Z","title_canon_sha256":"68c034a5cd9d7a5e1d3fa64416fb78f4f9cc426081874a1835edb9e561ca8632"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"0808.1451","kind":"arxiv","version":4}},"canonical_sha256":"80c45f58f96474c7f9bce75684eb428bb81d29854d3c9425912c4ac7a5cc5556","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"80c45f58f96474c7f9bce75684eb428bb81d29854d3c9425912c4ac7a5cc5556","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43.475682Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43.475682Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hewF38DWt/TeALCyizN7pg99/ngzbPOfSGciKsdqqU5F6Zjz3FQ9mo4MsoFaXk80dlGRF9JjnnE6OS6kU33/DQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T02:15:43.476215Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"0808.1451","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":4}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a32b462b1d00b0bfceb39a119dba0ef43a01f21beb66b246d0b6d93ee4b5f6e7","sha256:91103d1c45eba77f05faa1bf441ee9d31d56e0a94207c7f826ec99bb47eaa893"],"state_sha256":"eba8c04ac0bbbf3f1238d773653d1620492d5a59c330ca2bc1fecfd677ef312d"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"kNdvYWDM5mMFbcsVxnG2hRMKTNm6iYydK8PGfyHBXwyvCCNgCLDPBp8wJDY06M6ZQPX0m2UkrcqurMCgvNCqCg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-03T13:55:55.473713Z","bundle_sha256":"692f9ebd6b04610a672d38fa237490490e35055ada2b6f21f3ba07e88e7b7d0f"}}