{"record_type":"pith_number_record","schema_url":"https://pith.science/schemas/pith-number/v1.json","pith_number":"pith:2024:QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7","short_pith_number":"pith:QDFRLSVZ","schema_version":"1.0","canonical_sha256":"80cb15cab96be065b7c7051659bbe697dba12c5ae5f89840e16afed9b74603dc","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2412.19631","version":2},"attestation_state":"computed","paper":{"title":"Primordial Black Hole Formation from the Upward Step Model: Avoiding Overproduction","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Xiaoding Wang, Xiao-Han Ma, Yi-Fu Cai","submitted_at":"2024-12-27T13:21:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in an upward step inflationary model, where nonlinearities between curvature perturbations and field fluctuations introduce a cutoff, deviating from the Gaussian case. This necessitates a reevaluation of PBH formation, as $\\mathcal{R}$ is not the optimal variable for estimating abundance. Using the extended Press-Schechter formalism, we show that non-Gaussianity modifies both the curvature perturbation profile $\\mathcal{R}(r)$ and the integration path in probability space, significantly impacting PBH abundance. Our results reveal th"},"verification_status":{"content_addressed":true,"pith_receipt":true,"author_attested":false,"weak_author_claims":0,"strong_author_claims":0,"externally_anchored":false,"storage_verified":false,"citation_signatures":0,"replication_records":0,"graph_snapshot":true,"references_resolved":false,"formal_links_present":false},"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2412.19631","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","submitted_at":"2024-12-27T13:21:06Z","cross_cats_sorted":["gr-qc"],"title_canon_sha256":"7bf24bea0a2746f0fd9fb47c76c84cd996df953318a745ba5735dfa0fc201b5b","abstract_canon_sha256":"597359764f11021ef9812b5e5c6400436d92f8087cd3ba96534977bd65c99e7f"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119838Z","signature_b64":"YbSeZF2nXSbVxgT8uzjCk45cygUPbVsnd5g8ZhmDOMBcN6ZdxF9OHEPMQbhAp9SHV2YUzpI8Y13X425GRZZnBA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"80cb15cab96be065b7c7051659bbe697dba12c5ae5f89840e16afed9b74603dc","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119361Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119361Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Primordial Black Hole Formation from the Upward Step Model: Avoiding Overproduction","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["gr-qc"],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.CO","authors_text":"Xiaoding Wang, Xiao-Han Ma, Yi-Fu Cai","submitted_at":"2024-12-27T13:21:06Z","abstract_excerpt":"We investigate the formation of primordial black holes (PBHs) in an upward step inflationary model, where nonlinearities between curvature perturbations and field fluctuations introduce a cutoff, deviating from the Gaussian case. This necessitates a reevaluation of PBH formation, as $\\mathcal{R}$ is not the optimal variable for estimating abundance. Using the extended Press-Schechter formalism, we show that non-Gaussianity modifies both the curvature perturbation profile $\\mathcal{R}(r)$ and the integration path in probability space, significantly impacting PBH abundance. Our results reveal th"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2412.19631","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2412.19631/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2412.19631","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119418+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2412.19631v2","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119418+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2412.19631","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119418+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QDFRLSVZNPQG","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119418+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6H","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119418+00:00"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QDFRLSVZ","created_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119418+00:00"}],"events":[],"event_summary":{},"paper_claims":[],"inbound_citations":{"count":5,"internal_anchor_count":0,"sample":[{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.24111","citing_title":"Constant-Roll Inflation: Analytical Formulae for Power Spectrum and Implications for Induced Gravitational Waves","ref_index":36,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2606.29796","citing_title":"Superhorizon curvature perturbations in hybrid inflation revisited","ref_index":56,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2508.10812","citing_title":"Scalar-induced gravitational waves with non-Gaussianity up to all orders","ref_index":66,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.21642","citing_title":"Exploring the statistical anisotropy of primordial curvature perturbations with pulsar timing arrays","ref_index":72,"is_internal_anchor":false},{"citing_arxiv_id":"2604.20063","citing_title":"Purely quadratic non-Gaussianity from tachyonic instability: Primordial black holes and scalar-induced gravitational waves","ref_index":109,"is_internal_anchor":false}]},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"sample":[],"anchors":[]},"links":{"html":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7","json":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7.json","graph_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/graph.json","events_json":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/events.json","paper":"https://pith.science/paper/QDFRLSVZ"},"agent_actions":{"view_html":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7","download_json":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7.json","view_paper":"https://pith.science/paper/QDFRLSVZ","resolve_alias":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/resolve?arxiv=2412.19631&json=true","fetch_graph":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/graph.json","fetch_events":"https://pith.science/api/pith-number/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/events.json","actions":{"anchor_timestamp":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/action/timestamp_anchor","attest_storage":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/action/storage_attestation","attest_author":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/action/author_attestation","sign_citation":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/action/citation_signature","submit_replication":"https://pith.science/pith/QDFRLSVZNPQGLN6HAULFTO7GS7/action/replication_record"}},"created_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119418+00:00","updated_at":"2026-07-05T12:09:12.119418+00:00"}