{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2016:QDQEZOBN2K3UBVGRVOXJTZRTT4","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a41c4b371be29b5f43a9e971291992ec928bd3441fcf939a41ee89a8ceb40a7a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2016-11-04T14:02:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"81eb1b951c0d9174af31116f1c3153c950be317b50491ac341cece7ecb4b939e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.01377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1611.01377","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1611.01377v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1611.01377","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:02Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QDQEZOBN2K3U","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QDQEZOBN2K3UBVGR","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QDQEZOBN","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:30:39Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:08dd55ea5855f7f90990ae3893823ab56000afecea7dcacdeddf5bca675375f9","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We apply formal methods to lay and streamline theoretical foundations to reason about Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) and cyber-physical attacks. We focus on %a formal treatment of both integrity and DoS attacks to sensors and actuators of CPSs, and on the timing aspects of these attacks. Our contributions are threefold: (1) we define a hybrid process calculus to model both CPSs and cyber-physical attacks; (2) we define a threat model of cyber-physical attacks and provide the means to assess attack tolerance/vulnerability with respect to a given attack; (3) we formalise how to estimate the impac","authors_text":"Luca Vigan\\`o, Massimo Merro, Riccardo Muradore, Ruggero Lanotte","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2016-11-04T14:02:20Z","title":"A Formal Approach to Cyber-Physical Attacks"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1611.01377","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:e60173e993fb9fc55a72af90bb4cba2fb796f892a3a85e35e10cfe542b560e4c","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:02Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"a41c4b371be29b5f43a9e971291992ec928bd3441fcf939a41ee89a8ceb40a7a","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.CR","submitted_at":"2016-11-04T14:02:20Z","title_canon_sha256":"81eb1b951c0d9174af31116f1c3153c950be317b50491ac341cece7ecb4b939e"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1611.01377","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"80e04cb82dd2b740d4d1abae99e6339f053e3fee2c4ebbf0b37b0781b8c813e4","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"80e04cb82dd2b740d4d1abae99e6339f053e3fee2c4ebbf0b37b0781b8c813e4","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:02.403365Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:02.403365Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"w2FDryBe0Of2xSC//kfqoDbQyp3Yr0CV4Lb2XAlW57/eTKTm25vYQVejvAk/lJomck38BKt98LVqPYtYhsooDw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:46:02.403794Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1611.01377","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:e60173e993fb9fc55a72af90bb4cba2fb796f892a3a85e35e10cfe542b560e4c","sha256:08dd55ea5855f7f90990ae3893823ab56000afecea7dcacdeddf5bca675375f9"],"state_sha256":"5f52fc0a669f4a4c0ee8606399b8a357fb3f29664d10e447de20bc39ca715ff4"}