{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK","short_pith_number":"pith:QDZN3QSB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.5253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-07-20T06:53:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"6b1a243db0c916f441e2d05f903173f6a714a1433f6dbf7c022b0a6a757bda5b","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f37508b4994614e474a1ebb763eef70f7ba8a0565bb0985384cc71d67a4aac4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80f2ddc241c20535c7d68b163bcec98a8bbec066d30223173d90b339dbe4d0c8","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1407.5253","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.5253","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.5253v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.5253","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QDZN3QSBYICT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QDZN3QSBYICTLR6W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QDZN3QSB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1407.5253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-07-20T06:53:38Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"title_canon_sha256":"6b1a243db0c916f441e2d05f903173f6a714a1433f6dbf7c022b0a6a757bda5b","abstract_canon_sha256":"1f37508b4994614e474a1ebb763eef70f7ba8a0565bb0985384cc71d67a4aac4"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"80f2ddc241c20535c7d68b163bcec98a8bbec066d30223173d90b339dbe4d0c8","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47.239878Z","signature_b64":"yoiSa2jiGQYlaOFOq5h+HGDhruWQDwjJ7EmjpC56dV/DtFzgqGCovOY1DEzLnexrtyVR82+ev1tFXVE2oeHkAg==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"80f2ddc241c20535c7d68b163bcec98a8bbec066d30223173d90b339dbe4d0c8","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47.239079Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47.239079Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1407.5253","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"l1NMN2v4LD58dD9S+ePHpRYdvYpaWcNGMMvxaKrWT/QzxS3Blrs25lLrc0ntyReGamN9gnS+fyu9ciT9a5gOCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T21:05:24.658613Z"},"content_sha256":"626e771739fb74ed985cc1b8cc3b5beaf446fd0e83ae4d3275bbbddc3bc4b5d2","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:626e771739fb74ed985cc1b8cc3b5beaf446fd0e83ae4d3275bbbddc3bc4b5d2"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2014:QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Numerical Dispersion of Electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell Code : Finite Grid Instability","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.comp-ph"],"primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","authors_text":"B. J. Albright, C.-K. Huang, M. D. Meyers, S. A. Yi, Y. Zeng","submitted_at":"2014-07-20T06:53:38Z","abstract_excerpt":"The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is widely used in relativistic particle beam and laser plasma modeling. However, the PIC method exhibits numerical instabilities that can render unphysical simulation results or even destroy the simulation. For electromagnetic relativistic beam and plasma modeling, the most relevant numerical instabilities are the finite grid instability and the numerical Cherenkov instability. We review the numerical dispersion relation of the electromagnetic PIC algorithm to analyze the origin of these instabilities. We rigorously derive the faithful 3D numerical dispersion "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.5253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"F9cYEBJFoWzwXF4M8rNY8TOc5wxxR3edSuA/4iOp6mZJy8e+OEexZ/HxkdeKSx1/nMLeOGUzgrcLK8KyZZAYBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T21:05:24.659288Z"},"content_sha256":"ebd1ca4008ae8be20bfb08736c7ae689be20e5a1e210729c363abcecfff9b08a","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:ebd1ca4008ae8be20bfb08736c7ae689be20e5a1e210729c363abcecfff9b08a"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-09T21:05:24Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2014:QDZN3QSBYICTLR6WRMLDXTWJRK","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f37508b4994614e474a1ebb763eef70f7ba8a0565bb0985384cc71d67a4aac4","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-07-20T06:53:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"6b1a243db0c916f441e2d05f903173f6a714a1433f6dbf7c022b0a6a757bda5b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.5253","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1407.5253","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1407.5253v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1407.5253","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QDZN3QSBYICT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QDZN3QSBYICTLR6W","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QDZN3QSB","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:28:43Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:ebd1ca4008ae8be20bfb08736c7ae689be20e5a1e210729c363abcecfff9b08a","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"The Particle-In-Cell (PIC) method is widely used in relativistic particle beam and laser plasma modeling. However, the PIC method exhibits numerical instabilities that can render unphysical simulation results or even destroy the simulation. For electromagnetic relativistic beam and plasma modeling, the most relevant numerical instabilities are the finite grid instability and the numerical Cherenkov instability. We review the numerical dispersion relation of the electromagnetic PIC algorithm to analyze the origin of these instabilities. We rigorously derive the faithful 3D numerical dispersion ","authors_text":"B. J. Albright, C.-K. Huang, M. D. Meyers, S. A. Yi, Y. Zeng","cross_cats":["physics.comp-ph"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-07-20T06:53:38Z","title":"On the Numerical Dispersion of Electromagnetic Particle-In-Cell Code : Finite Grid Instability"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1407.5253","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:626e771739fb74ed985cc1b8cc3b5beaf446fd0e83ae4d3275bbbddc3bc4b5d2","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1f37508b4994614e474a1ebb763eef70f7ba8a0565bb0985384cc71d67a4aac4","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.comp-ph"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.plasm-ph","submitted_at":"2014-07-20T06:53:38Z","title_canon_sha256":"6b1a243db0c916f441e2d05f903173f6a714a1433f6dbf7c022b0a6a757bda5b"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1407.5253","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"80f2ddc241c20535c7d68b163bcec98a8bbec066d30223173d90b339dbe4d0c8","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"80f2ddc241c20535c7d68b163bcec98a8bbec066d30223173d90b339dbe4d0c8","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47.239079Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47.239079Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"yoiSa2jiGQYlaOFOq5h+HGDhruWQDwjJ7EmjpC56dV/DtFzgqGCovOY1DEzLnexrtyVR82+ev1tFXVE2oeHkAg==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T01:15:47.239878Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1407.5253","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:626e771739fb74ed985cc1b8cc3b5beaf446fd0e83ae4d3275bbbddc3bc4b5d2","sha256:ebd1ca4008ae8be20bfb08736c7ae689be20e5a1e210729c363abcecfff9b08a"],"state_sha256":"779544d77fb90b30cddbbd37d22574d6ffde0743ae0343adaa9c5b3798e087dd"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"IThopCHhg705MMiZZN8yETXMxclO6iJ2BlaAhOBAA94b2orwiI1perRwr4mJHr9S+VmtgXrqDKhI+zyLOjAaBQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-09T21:05:24.663251Z","bundle_sha256":"2cbccd85e534a0f30de900ce303c82d7981eaf55e200c1515b7dac7f4ffdae29"}}