{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS","short_pith_number":"pith:QFMFWFDU","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9705173","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-05-21T14:42:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4519fb50c0d6b42a81bcdad762f1dc40129f8d02a26beb37cde1c151ea690efa","abstract_canon_sha256":"9d0adb4a6c60c705e5b3aba1b7e4ebf1e804b6b84eb1ccfedc2a9b91199beb44"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"81585b14740d032aa7e348eb30eb532cb57b98ca5b41d512d8817ea124271a10","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"astro-ph/9705173","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9705173","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9705173v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9705173","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QFMFWFDUBUBS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QFMFWFDU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9705173","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-05-21T14:42:05Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"4519fb50c0d6b42a81bcdad762f1dc40129f8d02a26beb37cde1c151ea690efa","abstract_canon_sha256":"9d0adb4a6c60c705e5b3aba1b7e4ebf1e804b6b84eb1ccfedc2a9b91199beb44"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"81585b14740d032aa7e348eb30eb532cb57b98ca5b41d512d8817ea124271a10","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42.762850Z","signature_b64":"j2Nu7qgnwFMeMs5i0kU/G1U0KkmR2x3OWPPmxRvT5c6SrKddqwJsDGRnevxD8Ba6WswD0rt0g1kFInRHHshaBQ==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"81585b14740d032aa7e348eb30eb532cb57b98ca5b41d512d8817ea124271a10","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42.762354Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42.762354Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"astro-ph/9705173","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"bLqgF3IdicX8DNxWfN5GwSjbFDs+zRX/hWEpOvN33MF3EoLq9Kf8LcMlgp/b5L6jVVUVM9Tz5krbSAamyXliDg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T09:05:31.157639Z"},"content_sha256":"18215ef3321f89060e26726e8c11be5efc719a51db8211173db35ed5192956b3","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:18215ef3321f89060e26726e8c11be5efc719a51db8211173db35ed5192956b3"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:1997:QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"On the Origin of the UV Upturn in Elliptical Galaxies. I. Sensitivity of UV Population Synthesis to Various Input Parameters","license":"","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph","authors_text":"(1, 2), (2) NASA/GSFC, 3) ((1) Yale U., (3) Carnegie Observatories), Augustus Oemler, Jr. (1, Pierre Demarque (1), Sukyoung Yi","submitted_at":"1997-05-21T14:42:05Z","abstract_excerpt":"We present models of the late stages of stellar evolution intended to explain the UV upturn phenomenon in elliptical galaxies. Such models are sensitive to values of a number of poorly-constrained physical parameters, including metallicity, age, stellar mass loss, helium enrichment, and the distribution of stars on the zero age horizontal branch (HB). We explore the sensitivity of the results to values of these parameters, and reach the following conclusions. Old, metal rich galaxies, such as giant ellipticals, naturally develop a UV upturn within a reasonable time scale - less than a Hubble t"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9705173","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"vkjiYRtjNrePVrrXTVdEKfgFfpxSrGUG3Jd0acQH/fN6Xmqqeg6LzzzGs3lyMCS12/OqJAfM7O2/K6jpN1qyCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T09:05:31.158362Z"},"content_sha256":"e43c68e547a413639bff74d332257a3957be1b4036defbc3cafbd638b367d207","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:e43c68e547a413639bff74d332257a3957be1b4036defbc3cafbd638b367d207"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-06-10T09:05:31Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:1997:QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7DJDVTB22TFS","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9d0adb4a6c60c705e5b3aba1b7e4ebf1e804b6b84eb1ccfedc2a9b91199beb44","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-05-21T14:42:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"4519fb50c0d6b42a81bcdad762f1dc40129f8d02a26beb37cde1c151ea690efa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9705173","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"astro-ph/9705173","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"astro-ph/9705173v2","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.astro-ph/9705173","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QFMFWFDUBUBS","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QFMFWFDUBUBSVJ7D","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QFMFWFDU","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:25:48Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:e43c68e547a413639bff74d332257a3957be1b4036defbc3cafbd638b367d207","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"We present models of the late stages of stellar evolution intended to explain the UV upturn phenomenon in elliptical galaxies. Such models are sensitive to values of a number of poorly-constrained physical parameters, including metallicity, age, stellar mass loss, helium enrichment, and the distribution of stars on the zero age horizontal branch (HB). We explore the sensitivity of the results to values of these parameters, and reach the following conclusions. Old, metal rich galaxies, such as giant ellipticals, naturally develop a UV upturn within a reasonable time scale - less than a Hubble t","authors_text":"(1, 2), (2) NASA/GSFC, 3) ((1) Yale U., (3) Carnegie Observatories), Augustus Oemler, Jr. (1, Pierre Demarque (1), Sukyoung Yi","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-05-21T14:42:05Z","title":"On the Origin of the UV Upturn in Elliptical Galaxies. I. Sensitivity of UV Population Synthesis to Various Input Parameters"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"astro-ph/9705173","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:18215ef3321f89060e26726e8c11be5efc719a51db8211173db35ed5192956b3","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"9d0adb4a6c60c705e5b3aba1b7e4ebf1e804b6b84eb1ccfedc2a9b91199beb44","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"","primary_cat":"astro-ph","submitted_at":"1997-05-21T14:42:05Z","title_canon_sha256":"4519fb50c0d6b42a81bcdad762f1dc40129f8d02a26beb37cde1c151ea690efa"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"astro-ph/9705173","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"81585b14740d032aa7e348eb30eb532cb57b98ca5b41d512d8817ea124271a10","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"81585b14740d032aa7e348eb30eb532cb57b98ca5b41d512d8817ea124271a10","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42.762354Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42.762354Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"j2Nu7qgnwFMeMs5i0kU/G1U0KkmR2x3OWPPmxRvT5c6SrKddqwJsDGRnevxD8Ba6WswD0rt0g1kFInRHHshaBQ==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T03:47:42.762850Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"astro-ph/9705173","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:18215ef3321f89060e26726e8c11be5efc719a51db8211173db35ed5192956b3","sha256:e43c68e547a413639bff74d332257a3957be1b4036defbc3cafbd638b367d207"],"state_sha256":"95f4c511cc1bd82559fa9740d6e5afdcbe54371396e3845ec10137954036d97b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"uP0J8Zz2mo/jSQPisDorhdjXypk9RyQR8vV3b4etiNX8zVu1YsaEHJfamcwaJXYBYm8tLyMdV6juR87jDWbeAQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-06-10T09:05:31.161883Z","bundle_sha256":"5219225645fcf2f687a38b190c91f8a7f268cd3dd9a95185e6873f5c08d48ce2"}}