{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW","short_pith_number":"pith:QFZLZYYC","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.08265","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-03-14T22:38:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c505f3912eda25491caa64ea58c99e57c61eeef264ee8ab379753441da80c8fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d13d4b084c550a31e148dc0ee611a7b492ee1e1a6ec6a1c79ce5f45533f027b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8172bce3028a75c7424296f431421805b3ad713b0563f46217286ea331ebbef7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2303.08265","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.08265","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.08265v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.08265","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QFZLZYYCRJ24","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSC","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QFZLZYYC","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2303.08265","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-03-14T22:38:32Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"c505f3912eda25491caa64ea58c99e57c61eeef264ee8ab379753441da80c8fe","abstract_canon_sha256":"1d13d4b084c550a31e148dc0ee611a7b492ee1e1a6ec6a1c79ce5f45533f027b"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"8172bce3028a75c7424296f431421805b3ad713b0563f46217286ea331ebbef7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08.257911Z","signature_b64":"hwFqCs6TkmpIQYVZIjSYAGOavMlJUdk0Uc0vpaE4Hj85RCJBhhwEPQ58Ee/4P82m6WV9fmARQq/6H3InUgFcCw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"8172bce3028a75c7424296f431421805b3ad713b0563f46217286ea331ebbef7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08.257484Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08.257484Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2303.08265","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"2d/WRLE+jPOnI5QoLeGjGiEGuCwuRkr1jhYTrczSWKd/GrqXCKRqvIuRsSNfDyjd7HYOhNZ0miVSatZf8G4MBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-26T21:34:22.560139Z"},"content_sha256":"f791f012fda82294282620adc9b020fb88478ae956272f842504521ba9e76185","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:f791f012fda82294282620adc9b020fb88478ae956272f842504521ba9e76185"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2023:QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"The imprint of clump formation at high redshift. II. The chemistry of the bulge","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","authors_text":"David J. Liddicott, David L. Nidever, Deanne B. Fisher, Elena Valenti, Ilin Lazar, Joao A. S. Amarante, Leandro Beraldo e Silva, Manuela Zoccali, Min Du, Oscar A. Gonzalez, Susan Kassin, Thomas R. Quinn, Tigran Khachaturyants, Victor P. Debattista","submitted_at":"2023-03-14T22:38:32Z","abstract_excerpt":"In Paper I we showed that clumps in high-redshift galaxies, having a high star formation rate density (\\Sigma_SFR), produce disks with two tracks in the [Fe/H]-[\\alpha/Fe] chemical space, similar to that of the Milky Way's (MW's) thin + thick disks. Here we investigate the effect of clumps on the bulge's chemistry. The chemistry of the MW's bulge is comprised of a single track with two density peaks separated by a trough. We show that the bulge chemistry of an N-body + smoothed particle hydrodynamics clumpy simulation also has a single track. Star formation within the bulge is itself in the hi"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.08265","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2303.08265/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"qh+JSy0qjamoiZVfd4ocDqAU2TDqtbsqV4y2++Omv12nDNYkmg+B45ZLGkawBGyjfO7zXaBiWlru0T9BFdezDw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-26T21:34:22.560534Z"},"content_sha256":"237b513f49bedf523785cbd5e7570923ca51d6427b9d4af8b29d0c1d16034303","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:237b513f49bedf523785cbd5e7570923ca51d6427b9d4af8b29d0c1d16034303"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-07-26T21:34:22Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2023:QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSCS32DCQQYAW","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d13d4b084c550a31e148dc0ee611a7b492ee1e1a6ec6a1c79ce5f45533f027b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-03-14T22:38:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"c505f3912eda25491caa64ea58c99e57c61eeef264ee8ab379753441da80c8fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.08265","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2303.08265","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2303.08265v1","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2303.08265","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QFZLZYYCRJ24","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QFZLZYYCRJ24OQSC","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QFZLZYYC","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:237b513f49bedf523785cbd5e7570923ca51d6427b9d4af8b29d0c1d16034303","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2303.08265/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"In Paper I we showed that clumps in high-redshift galaxies, having a high star formation rate density (\\Sigma_SFR), produce disks with two tracks in the [Fe/H]-[\\alpha/Fe] chemical space, similar to that of the Milky Way's (MW's) thin + thick disks. Here we investigate the effect of clumps on the bulge's chemistry. The chemistry of the MW's bulge is comprised of a single track with two density peaks separated by a trough. We show that the bulge chemistry of an N-body + smoothed particle hydrodynamics clumpy simulation also has a single track. Star formation within the bulge is itself in the hi","authors_text":"David J. Liddicott, David L. Nidever, Deanne B. Fisher, Elena Valenti, Ilin Lazar, Joao A. S. Amarante, Leandro Beraldo e Silva, Manuela Zoccali, Min Du, Oscar A. Gonzalez, Susan Kassin, Thomas R. Quinn, Tigran Khachaturyants, Victor P. Debattista","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-03-14T22:38:32Z","title":"The imprint of clump formation at high redshift. II. The chemistry of the bulge"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2303.08265","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:f791f012fda82294282620adc9b020fb88478ae956272f842504521ba9e76185","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"1d13d4b084c550a31e148dc0ee611a7b492ee1e1a6ec6a1c79ce5f45533f027b","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"astro-ph.GA","submitted_at":"2023-03-14T22:38:32Z","title_canon_sha256":"c505f3912eda25491caa64ea58c99e57c61eeef264ee8ab379753441da80c8fe"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2303.08265","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"8172bce3028a75c7424296f431421805b3ad713b0563f46217286ea331ebbef7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"8172bce3028a75c7424296f431421805b3ad713b0563f46217286ea331ebbef7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08.257484Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08.257484Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"hwFqCs6TkmpIQYVZIjSYAGOavMlJUdk0Uc0vpaE4Hj85RCJBhhwEPQ58Ee/4P82m6WV9fmARQq/6H3InUgFcCw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T06:02:08.257911Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2303.08265","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:f791f012fda82294282620adc9b020fb88478ae956272f842504521ba9e76185","sha256:237b513f49bedf523785cbd5e7570923ca51d6427b9d4af8b29d0c1d16034303"],"state_sha256":"fe41e425a92d2570e5febcf71928e48e495089d7a8a1be740f3c75c3100bbb09"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ltDXT4kOhPDXnNXOzCh8v1EeUHC8es6MlcQIKgecFIi7zaOT/Zn6Dt+206U+/uBINlmAjaEBFRi90HNIdg+3Cw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-07-26T21:34:22.563173Z","bundle_sha256":"6ef85d1c68d203f834254f618b04cddd1ae51ec34e4520a181a3fd42f21785c7"}}