{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3","short_pith_number":"pith:QH2FUAQB","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2511.19959","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-11-25T06:09:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"d3928b548f47450a806eb776dc3da63dedb796575d1318e5682096873e3ab3c2","abstract_canon_sha256":"f9f73e62414c5baabf05dea8a3c9b0ecdb7eac83a74ada488e22a2c00fc18913"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"81f45a0201e04eecfd1125835e518636f236950c5adcf160518b5cb4c6f6813e","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"2511.19959","version":2},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2511.19959","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2511.19959v2","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2511.19959","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QH2FUAQB4BHO","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IR","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QH2FUAQB","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"2511.19959","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"metadata":{"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-11-25T06:09:21Z","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"title_canon_sha256":"d3928b548f47450a806eb776dc3da63dedb796575d1318e5682096873e3ab3c2","abstract_canon_sha256":"f9f73e62414c5baabf05dea8a3c9b0ecdb7eac83a74ada488e22a2c00fc18913"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"81f45a0201e04eecfd1125835e518636f236950c5adcf160518b5cb4c6f6813e","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07.661759Z","signature_b64":"DRLMJVAL9H/2TJcrgT91ug0j00H9RrX0Y+syY7prhDubZIOc+hny3y9AWb2KN0VnLU1GB9H/x9ffpUS0JdWIBw==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"81f45a0201e04eecfd1125835e518636f236950c5adcf160518b5cb4c6f6813e","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07.661321Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07.661321Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"2511.19959","source_version":2,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"rO6Z5y2S/ukSuJ1dTMhHfX8RSkIloKzDYAmGAtHG6RfIxg4rA4Ewi76kGNWpHjmndsgefooQlRRY75eaTCltBA==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:40:49.973450Z"},"content_sha256":"a9975fdbb3a607bc52be74e3668ea72862394ec9d40dcc079325ace22b26c473","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:a9975fdbb3a607bc52be74e3668ea72862394ec9d40dcc079325ace22b26c473"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2025:QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"ParaBlock: Communication-Computation Parallel Block Coordinate Federated Learning for Large Language Models","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Jinghui Chen, Yuanpu Cao, Yujia Wang","submitted_at":"2025-11-25T06:09:21Z","abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning (FL) has been extensively studied as a privacy-preserving training paradigm. Recently, federated block coordinate descent scheme has become a popular option in training large-scale models, as it allows clients to train only a subset of the model locally instead of the entire model. However, in the era of large language models (LLMs), even a single block can contain a significant number of parameters, posing substantial communication latency, particularly for resource-constrained clients. To address this challenge in federated training/fine-tuning LLMs, we propose ParaBlock, "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2511.19959","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/2511.19959/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"FwNQ3jvlN2QaT2g4UuQ/+NGRS66Yl9c+nJy+yPj4b3hgd/h9umILtGvPK/Iirr1akCEvv+JowPj6eKUSquj9Bg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:40:49.974366Z"},"content_sha256":"dcf8ccfc067b4a14ab99b4abf8bc752b4c4c37ef04ead6e8c945554982a89a91","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:dcf8ccfc067b4a14ab99b4abf8bc752b4c4c37ef04ead6e8c945554982a89a91"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-04T12:40:49Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2025:QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IREWBV4UMGG3","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f9f73e62414c5baabf05dea8a3c9b0ecdb7eac83a74ada488e22a2c00fc18913","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-11-25T06:09:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"d3928b548f47450a806eb776dc3da63dedb796575d1318e5682096873e3ab3c2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2511.19959","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"2511.19959","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"2511.19959v2","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.2511.19959","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QH2FUAQB4BHO","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QH2FUAQB4BHOZ7IR","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QH2FUAQB","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:dcf8ccfc067b4a14ab99b4abf8bc752b4c4c37ef04ead6e8c945554982a89a91","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/2511.19959/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Federated learning (FL) has been extensively studied as a privacy-preserving training paradigm. Recently, federated block coordinate descent scheme has become a popular option in training large-scale models, as it allows clients to train only a subset of the model locally instead of the entire model. However, in the era of large language models (LLMs), even a single block can contain a significant number of parameters, posing substantial communication latency, particularly for resource-constrained clients. To address this challenge in federated training/fine-tuning LLMs, we propose ParaBlock, ","authors_text":"Jinghui Chen, Yuanpu Cao, Yujia Wang","cross_cats":["cs.DC"],"headline":"","license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-11-25T06:09:21Z","title":"ParaBlock: Communication-Computation Parallel Block Coordinate Federated Learning for Large Language Models"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"2511.19959","kind":"arxiv","version":2},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:a9975fdbb3a607bc52be74e3668ea72862394ec9d40dcc079325ace22b26c473","target":"record","created_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"f9f73e62414c5baabf05dea8a3c9b0ecdb7eac83a74ada488e22a2c00fc18913","cross_cats_sorted":["cs.DC"],"license":"http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2025-11-25T06:09:21Z","title_canon_sha256":"d3928b548f47450a806eb776dc3da63dedb796575d1318e5682096873e3ab3c2"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"2511.19959","kind":"arxiv","version":2}},"canonical_sha256":"81f45a0201e04eecfd1125835e518636f236950c5adcf160518b5cb4c6f6813e","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"81f45a0201e04eecfd1125835e518636f236950c5adcf160518b5cb4c6f6813e","first_computed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07.661321Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07.661321Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"DRLMJVAL9H/2TJcrgT91ug0j00H9RrX0Y+syY7prhDubZIOc+hny3y9AWb2KN0VnLU1GB9H/x9ffpUS0JdWIBw==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-06-03T01:05:07.661759Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"2511.19959","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":2}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:a9975fdbb3a607bc52be74e3668ea72862394ec9d40dcc079325ace22b26c473","sha256:dcf8ccfc067b4a14ab99b4abf8bc752b4c4c37ef04ead6e8c945554982a89a91"],"state_sha256":"c878981a9279ac64f6926f9b66adbde112c8f6917efbd36eab0d932e9118822e"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"HF2yaXy1R4ZHHlGqH/2S2fWVxck7UgeMLRR7N+vsPdt5A4O8BAx8w/borxmEUsva4jEd2DqwR2IxTji8A3Q3AQ==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-04T12:40:49.979517Z","bundle_sha256":"094a748110b4ee1592276fd7dd04c81e534953e523a771ede9d730e65845ee04"}}