{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU","short_pith_number":"pith:QHYDE75U","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.08217","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T18:01:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"b2bbf9dfc714557454feb401d86952352953ddc332dc01b46814c5347840b151","abstract_canon_sha256":"288cf22490b9e3c5ec9a02c878a40144a65107b10013560bef0c392177d3ed5c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"81f0327fb47a8f4807f688d05f0ca17d3115c5db30e9c42f8c4b1cb7fe0b72c7","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1810.08217","version":3},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.08217","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.08217v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.08217","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QHYDE75UPKHU","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QHYDE75UPKHUQB7W","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QHYDE75U","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1810.08217","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T18:01:01Z","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn","stat.ML"],"title_canon_sha256":"b2bbf9dfc714557454feb401d86952352953ddc332dc01b46814c5347840b151","abstract_canon_sha256":"288cf22490b9e3c5ec9a02c878a40144a65107b10013560bef0c392177d3ed5c"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"81f0327fb47a8f4807f688d05f0ca17d3115c5db30e9c42f8c4b1cb7fe0b72c7","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54.013606Z","signature_b64":"6zbO6tlxfd0i5TB4E89sGqQrtvmm3k3goB74Ci74tlvi3eBtHXbqiLDZkUY6S7iDoKjg2+oYESYtjQ/c3i2/DA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"81f0327fb47a8f4807f688d05f0ca17d3115c5db30e9c42f8c4b1cb7fe0b72c7","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54.013101Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54.013101Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1810.08217","source_version":3,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OlMr84B6LCcD9cCQrkmlhi67Wih6nDyUMT8oJOnR3TlNAz9Lc7kTKJOaNavWWaYGQgIOT2qMBAUNrUAGiXZiBg==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T17:42:39.516234Z"},"content_sha256":"129ff6f97397d81e2cd008593989d589cefced0b20604f1ab459f377b75ffa69","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:129ff6f97397d81e2cd008593989d589cefced0b20604f1ab459f377b75ffa69"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Deep Learning Methods for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of Airfoil Flows","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":["physics.flu-dyn","stat.ML"],"primary_cat":"cs.LG","authors_text":"Konstantin Weissenow, Lukas Prantl, Nils Thuerey, Xiangyu Hu","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T18:01:01Z","abstract_excerpt":"With this study we investigate the accuracy of deep learning models for the inference of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solutions. We focus on a modernized U-net architecture, and evaluate a large number of trained neural networks with respect to their accuracy for the calculation of pressure and velocity distributions. In particular, we illustrate how training data size and the number of weights influence the accuracy of the solutions. With our best models we arrive at a mean relative pressure and velocity error of less than 3% across a range of previously unseen airfoil shapes. In addition "},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.08217","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"integrity":{"clean":true,"summary":{"advisory":0,"critical":0,"by_detector":{},"informational":0},"endpoint":"/pith/1810.08217/integrity.json","findings":[],"available":true,"detectors_run":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938"},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"MyKtlADYTgUhMU7rSSbyE83ltYy80756nT3M3APdimcL8EDDtjb+ktE2O4UUbnczHeZ4cvaurkwiZtcbF7bSAw==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T17:42:39.516838Z"},"content_sha256":"80b4c7379022cae6d624cf69f40c1af084c5bb0b1a51b5aba4799ae0b3afa42d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:80b4c7379022cae6d624cf69f40c1af084c5bb0b1a51b5aba4799ae0b3afa42d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-08-08T17:42:39Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QHYDE75UPKHUQB7WRDIF6DFBPU","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"288cf22490b9e3c5ec9a02c878a40144a65107b10013560bef0c392177d3ed5c","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T18:01:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"b2bbf9dfc714557454feb401d86952352953ddc332dc01b46814c5347840b151"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.08217","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1810.08217","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1810.08217v3","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1810.08217","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QHYDE75UPKHU","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QHYDE75UPKHUQB7W","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QHYDE75U","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:80b4c7379022cae6d624cf69f40c1af084c5bb0b1a51b5aba4799ae0b3afa42d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"integrity":{"available":true,"clean":true,"detectors_run":[],"endpoint":"/pith/1810.08217/integrity.json","findings":[],"snapshot_sha256":"c28c3603d3b5d939e8dc4c7e95fa8dfce3d595e45f758748cecf8e644a296938","summary":{"advisory":0,"by_detector":{},"critical":0,"informational":0}},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"With this study we investigate the accuracy of deep learning models for the inference of Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes solutions. We focus on a modernized U-net architecture, and evaluate a large number of trained neural networks with respect to their accuracy for the calculation of pressure and velocity distributions. In particular, we illustrate how training data size and the number of weights influence the accuracy of the solutions. With our best models we arrive at a mean relative pressure and velocity error of less than 3% across a range of previously unseen airfoil shapes. In addition ","authors_text":"Konstantin Weissenow, Lukas Prantl, Nils Thuerey, Xiangyu Hu","cross_cats":["physics.flu-dyn","stat.ML"],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T18:01:01Z","title":"Deep Learning Methods for Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes Simulations of Airfoil Flows"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1810.08217","kind":"arxiv","version":3},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:129ff6f97397d81e2cd008593989d589cefced0b20604f1ab459f377b75ffa69","target":"record","created_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"288cf22490b9e3c5ec9a02c878a40144a65107b10013560bef0c392177d3ed5c","cross_cats_sorted":["physics.flu-dyn","stat.ML"],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"cs.LG","submitted_at":"2018-10-18T18:01:01Z","title_canon_sha256":"b2bbf9dfc714557454feb401d86952352953ddc332dc01b46814c5347840b151"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1810.08217","kind":"arxiv","version":3}},"canonical_sha256":"81f0327fb47a8f4807f688d05f0ca17d3115c5db30e9c42f8c4b1cb7fe0b72c7","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"81f0327fb47a8f4807f688d05f0ca17d3115c5db30e9c42f8c4b1cb7fe0b72c7","first_computed_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54.013101Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54.013101Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"6zbO6tlxfd0i5TB4E89sGqQrtvmm3k3goB74Ci74tlvi3eBtHXbqiLDZkUY6S7iDoKjg2+oYESYtjQ/c3i2/DA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-07-05T01:43:54.013606Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1810.08217","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":3}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:129ff6f97397d81e2cd008593989d589cefced0b20604f1ab459f377b75ffa69","sha256:80b4c7379022cae6d624cf69f40c1af084c5bb0b1a51b5aba4799ae0b3afa42d"],"state_sha256":"306497fac1a8cef4dbefe3817410965d1ae2dac370fc05080e69ce89c2f62919"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"Fv74TzcO20p1VW9SYOnYwdUBn3zvIzeh5B53mrJEvu7x8IIsbgiGhWPVQKqdqfKDOR1SVpEk/Yi4cZw0CgbMDw==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-08-08T17:42:39.521718Z","bundle_sha256":"40f861ed2eff27e14507bd574f7e043b0b2959300c22777e7348884f70292333"}}