{"bundle_type":"pith_open_graph_bundle","bundle_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL","short_pith_number":"pith:QJ3ID3FG","canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.04804","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-01-15T13:55:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"66cc6e2cf3d049811a600322fb8d63c84e62dc0575524c9ee447604276e7c3d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"361c8fa62e563e5ad39a0ac1975199447fe15b94082254a78c18cb2aef7ae3ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"827681eca6eeb136d346a237a3f5780ad81bcd5a501984fa5796c71e1b0b88ea","source":{"kind":"arxiv","id":"1801.04804","version":1},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.04804","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.04804v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.04804","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QJ3ID3FG52YT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QJ3ID3FG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"events":[{"event_type":"record_created","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL","target":"record","payload":{"canonical_record":{"source":{"id":"1801.04804","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"metadata":{"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-01-15T13:55:45Z","cross_cats_sorted":[],"title_canon_sha256":"66cc6e2cf3d049811a600322fb8d63c84e62dc0575524c9ee447604276e7c3d3","abstract_canon_sha256":"361c8fa62e563e5ad39a0ac1975199447fe15b94082254a78c18cb2aef7ae3ce"},"schema_version":"1.0"},"canonical_sha256":"827681eca6eeb136d346a237a3f5780ad81bcd5a501984fa5796c71e1b0b88ea","receipt":{"kind":"pith_receipt","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03.188307Z","signature_b64":"PBxG5RoESMUNfB1rxhMOH11rC8anGtQYTN2D+wiRl+RZgQcN6T7sNijNF/N0fSPF9jLAleTw+iR+wFjxJhaUCA==","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","receipt_version":"0.3","canonical_sha256":"827681eca6eeb136d346a237a3f5780ad81bcd5a501984fa5796c71e1b0b88ea","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03.187830Z","signature_status":"signed_v1","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03.187830Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"source_kind":"arxiv","source_id":"1801.04804","source_version":1,"attestation_state":"computed"},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"OAKmhOlIPQZ4mtXs0GbKDscp748tFf0w4W7AoDHReiu3brwRqLpTSHxUcRpFSODoq96NgYApYqv6cW/WrCesAQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T00:35:59.649566Z"},"content_sha256":"9bd8849dbd5b126794b5edb0649c1424834f599a58918905e15fc08ec45a7f77","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:9bd8849dbd5b126794b5edb0649c1424834f599a58918905e15fc08ec45a7f77"},{"event_type":"graph_snapshot","subject_pith_number":"pith:2018:QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL","target":"graph","payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"paper":{"title":"Wetting of Flat Gradient Surfaces","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","headline":"","cross_cats":[],"primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","authors_text":"Edward Bormashenko","submitted_at":"2018-01-15T13:55:45Z","abstract_excerpt":"Gradient, chemically modified, flat surfaces enable directed transport of droplets. Calculation of apparent contact angles inherent for gradient surfaces is challenging even for atomically flat ones. Wetting of gradient, flat solid surfaces is treated within the variational approach, under which the contact line is free to move along the substrate. Transversality conditions of the variational problem give rise to the generalized Young equation valid for gradient solid surfaces. The apparent (equilibrium) contact angle of a droplet, placed on a gradient surface depends on the radius of the cont"},"claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.04804","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"id":null,"model_set":{},"created_at":null,"strongest_claim":"","one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"weakest_assumption":"","pith_extraction_headline":""},"references":{"count":0,"sample":[],"resolved_work":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","internal_anchors":0},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"author_claims":{"count":0,"strong_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1"},"verdict_id":null},"signer":{"signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54"},"created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z","supersedes":[],"prev_event":null,"signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"ZiZZeUWQEphZGoMB9XbOE31NEgc1pjd9ASvYot5SCH9w3n7aq1yzpFM0HEz6Gjc3swlDsei+Drpu2N9iTk9nCQ==","signed_message":"open_graph_event_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T00:35:59.650239Z"},"content_sha256":"95b29302ae334fef42e3569fbdcce9d7e0cfe13c0a4536d2253c684d11a5620d","schema_version":"1.0","event_id":"sha256:95b29302ae334fef42e3569fbdcce9d7e0cfe13c0a4536d2253c684d11a5620d"}],"timestamp_proofs":[],"mirror_hints":[{"mirror_type":"https","name":"Pith Resolver","base_url":"https://pith.science","bundle_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL/bundle.json","state_url":"https://pith.science/pith/QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL/state.json","well_known_bundle_url":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL/bundle.json","status":"primary"}],"public_keys":[{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","algorithm":"ed25519","format":"raw","public_key_b64":"stVStoiQhXFxp4s2pdzPNoqVNBMojDU/fJ2db5S3CbM=","public_key_hex":"b2d552b68890857171a78b36a5dccf368a953413288c353f7c9d9d6f94b709b3","fingerprint_sha256_b32_first128bits":"RVFV5Z2OI2J3ZUO7ERDEBCYNKS","fingerprint_sha256_hex":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","rotates_at":null,"url":"https://pith.science/pith-signing-key.json","notes":"Pith uses this Ed25519 key to sign canonical record SHA-256 digests. Verify with: ed25519_verify(public_key, message=canonical_sha256_bytes, signature=base64decode(signature_b64))."}],"merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","built_at":"2026-05-26T00:35:59Z","links":{"resolver":"https://pith.science/pith/QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL","bundle":"https://pith.science/pith/QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL/bundle.json","state":"https://pith.science/pith/QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL/state.json","well_known_bundle":"https://pith.science/.well-known/pith/QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL/bundle.json"},"state":{"state_type":"pith_open_graph_state","state_version":"1.0","pith_number":"pith:2018:QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2GUI32H5LYBL","merge_version":"pith-open-graph-merge-v1","event_count":2,"valid_event_count":2,"invalid_event_count":0,"equivocation_count":0,"current":{"canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"361c8fa62e563e5ad39a0ac1975199447fe15b94082254a78c18cb2aef7ae3ce","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-01-15T13:55:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"66cc6e2cf3d049811a600322fb8d63c84e62dc0575524c9ee447604276e7c3d3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.04804","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"source_aliases":[{"alias_kind":"arxiv","alias_value":"1801.04804","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"arxiv_version","alias_value":"1801.04804v1","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"doi","alias_value":"10.48550/arxiv.1801.04804","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_12","alias_value":"QJ3ID3FG52YT","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_16","alias_value":"QJ3ID3FG52YTNU2G","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"},{"alias_kind":"pith_short_8","alias_value":"QJ3ID3FG","created_at":"2026-05-18T12:32:46Z"}],"graph_snapshots":[{"event_id":"sha256:95b29302ae334fef42e3569fbdcce9d7e0cfe13c0a4536d2253c684d11a5620d","target":"graph","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"graph_snapshot":{"author_claims":{"count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57","strong_count":0},"builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","claims":{"count":0,"items":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"formal_canon":{"evidence_count":0,"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"paper":{"abstract_excerpt":"Gradient, chemically modified, flat surfaces enable directed transport of droplets. Calculation of apparent contact angles inherent for gradient surfaces is challenging even for atomically flat ones. Wetting of gradient, flat solid surfaces is treated within the variational approach, under which the contact line is free to move along the substrate. Transversality conditions of the variational problem give rise to the generalized Young equation valid for gradient solid surfaces. The apparent (equilibrium) contact angle of a droplet, placed on a gradient surface depends on the radius of the cont","authors_text":"Edward Bormashenko","cross_cats":[],"headline":"","license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-01-15T13:55:45Z","title":"Wetting of Flat Gradient Surfaces"},"references":{"count":0,"internal_anchors":0,"resolved_work":0,"sample":[],"snapshot_sha256":"258153158e38e3291e3d48162225fcdb2d5a3ed65a07baac614ab91432fd4f57"},"source":{"id":"1801.04804","kind":"arxiv","version":1},"verdict":{"created_at":null,"id":null,"model_set":{},"one_line_summary":"","pipeline_version":null,"pith_extraction_headline":"","strongest_claim":"","weakest_assumption":""}},"verdict_id":null}}],"author_attestations":[],"timestamp_anchors":[],"storage_attestations":[],"citation_signatures":[],"replication_records":[],"corrections":[],"mirror_hints":[],"record_created":{"event_id":"sha256:9bd8849dbd5b126794b5edb0649c1424834f599a58918905e15fc08ec45a7f77","target":"record","created_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03Z","signer":{"key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signer_id":"pith.science","signer_type":"pith_registry"},"payload":{"attestation_state":"computed","canonical_record":{"metadata":{"abstract_canon_sha256":"361c8fa62e563e5ad39a0ac1975199447fe15b94082254a78c18cb2aef7ae3ce","cross_cats_sorted":[],"license":"http://arxiv.org/licenses/nonexclusive-distrib/1.0/","primary_cat":"physics.flu-dyn","submitted_at":"2018-01-15T13:55:45Z","title_canon_sha256":"66cc6e2cf3d049811a600322fb8d63c84e62dc0575524c9ee447604276e7c3d3"},"schema_version":"1.0","source":{"id":"1801.04804","kind":"arxiv","version":1}},"canonical_sha256":"827681eca6eeb136d346a237a3f5780ad81bcd5a501984fa5796c71e1b0b88ea","receipt":{"algorithm":"ed25519","builder_version":"pith-number-builder-2026-05-17-v1","canonical_sha256":"827681eca6eeb136d346a237a3f5780ad81bcd5a501984fa5796c71e1b0b88ea","first_computed_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03.187830Z","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","kind":"pith_receipt","last_reissued_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03.187830Z","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","receipt_version":"0.3","signature_b64":"PBxG5RoESMUNfB1rxhMOH11rC8anGtQYTN2D+wiRl+RZgQcN6T7sNijNF/N0fSPF9jLAleTw+iR+wFjxJhaUCA==","signature_status":"signed_v1","signed_at":"2026-05-18T00:26:03.188307Z","signed_message":"canonical_sha256_bytes"},"source_id":"1801.04804","source_kind":"arxiv","source_version":1}}},"equivocations":[],"invalid_events":[],"applied_event_ids":["sha256:9bd8849dbd5b126794b5edb0649c1424834f599a58918905e15fc08ec45a7f77","sha256:95b29302ae334fef42e3569fbdcce9d7e0cfe13c0a4536d2253c684d11a5620d"],"state_sha256":"badc5e7e10b2ac4d8103e52b5b2bb952b38d2ac8721bc1d96d1f913eaee3947b"},"bundle_signature":{"signature_status":"signed_v1","algorithm":"ed25519","key_id":"pith-v1-2026-05","public_key_fingerprint":"8d4b5ee74e4693bcd1df2446408b0d54","signature_b64":"7z/GZIlOS4ru+NUfkPUVZ34/1CwDn+VjRO7e2ejPWIxuE3p9jvwLWDu0xlZCVo1dtGtBzFZDMULMK6lkWItEAg==","signed_message":"bundle_sha256_bytes","signed_at":"2026-05-26T00:35:59.653273Z","bundle_sha256":"e1647c58e2e4ba5df36f207967d776bc6b991cafceddf2d4fa11c0333e7c0efe"}}